I'm using this community maintained Bookworm image published for OrangePi Zero . I cannot unload this minimal kernel module for some reason.
Some information that could be useful:
`uname -a` output:
Linux orangepizero 6.12.23-current-sunxi #2 SMP Thu Apr 10 12:39:41 UTC 2025 armv7l GNU/Linux
`zcat /proc/config.gz | grep UNLOAD` output
CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD=y
CONFIG_MODULE_FORCE_UNLOAD=y
# CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD_TAINT_TRACKING is not set
Some information to replicate the issue:
install required packages:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
# reboot
sudo apt install build-essential linux-headers-current-sunxi -y
Source code:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
static int __init on_init(void)
{
return 0;
}
static void __exit on_exit(void)
{
}
module_init(on_init);
module_exit(on_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Makefile:
obj-m += testmod.o
all:
make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean
Expected `dmesg` output after `insmod testmod.ko`
[53949.545615] testmod: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
After this if you run `lsmod` you will get this kernel oops message:
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.302533] Internal error: Oops: 5 [#1] SMP THUMB2
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.612164] Process lsmod (pid: 2851, stack limit = 0x73aba90f)
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.620054] Stack: (0xe08f5e08 to 0xe08f6000)
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.626381] 5e00: 00000000 000000f8 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.638620] 5e20: 00000000 c56bddda 00000400 c66dbd70 00000000 e08f5eb0 bfac3044 00000000
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.650990] 5e40: c66dbd88 c0311685 e08f5e98 c66dbd98 c1770a80 00000001 00000001 c5296800
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.663548] 5e60: 181cd000 00000000 e08f5f80 c5f40600 00000000 00000400 01345ca0 00000001
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.676199] 5e80: c0b21784 c0311a1d 00000400 00000001 01345ca0 00000400 00000001 00000000
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.689004] 5ea0: e08f5e90 00000400 00000001 00000000 c5f40600 00000000 00000000 00000000
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.702080] 5ec0: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 c035b961 c56bddda
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.715223] 5ee0: c035b961 c5f40600 c533d000 00000400 e08f5f80 c02ed1d5 00001a55 c9b58048
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.728467] 5f00: c9b58048 00000000 00000000 00000000 c57c1518 d92c5738 00000000 c56bddda
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.741711] 5f20: 00000000 e08f5fb0 013460a4 00000817 c533d000 00000255 c3f58300 c0ae8f5d
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.754958] 5f40: 00000000 c0ae8f5d 00000000 00000000 00000000 c56bddda 00000000 c5f40600
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.768295] 5f60: c5f40600 00000000 00000000 c01002a0 c533d000 00000003 00000000 c02eda4b
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.781696] 5f80: 00000000 00000000 c01002a0 c56bddda be960270 013442e0 000005e8 b6c2c888
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.795333] 5fa0: 00000003 c0100061 013442e0 000005e8 00000003 01345ca0 00000400 00000001
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.809033] 5fc0: 013442e0 000005e8 b6c2c888 00000003 0000000a be9603c4 00000000 00000000
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.822834] 5fe0: 00000003 be9602f0 b6bc737b b6b40656 40070030 00000003 00000000 00000000
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.836685] Call trace:
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.836703] m_show from seq_read_iter+0xa1/0x384
Segmentation fault
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.849448] seq_read_iter from seq_read+0xb5/0xdc
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.856938] seq_read from vfs_read+0x75/0x228
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.864024] vfs_read from ksys_read+0x53/0xa8
xch@orangepizero:~/dev/driver/testmod$
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.871048] ksys_read from ret_fast_syscall+0x1/0x5c
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.878636] Exception stack(0xe08f5fa8 to 0xe08f5ff0)
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.886166] 5fa0: 013442e0 000005e8 00000003 01345ca0 00000400 00000001
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.899234] 5fc0: 013442e0 000005e8 b6c2c888 00000003 0000000a be9603c4 00000000 00000000
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.912280] 5fe0: 00000003 be9602f0 b6bc737b b6b40656
Message from syslogd@orangepizero at Apr 20 17:27:43 ...
kernel:[54313.919751] Code: f24c 787c f2cc 08d8 (6922) 4641
And then calling `rmmod testmod.ko` will lock the command line forever.
Same exact module can be loaded/unloaded with no issue on the x86 host PC with 6.8.0-58-generic kernel.
