I have the same problem with Buster, as described in the hardkernel forum: https://forum.odroid.com/viewtopic.php?p=317345#p317345 (Igor had also answered in this thread).
The same is true for "Lost dog" and "394ijf9rju" there.
To add another data point: As described there, the boot behaviour for me depends on the second SATA slot being used or not. Most of you probably use this slot and hence run into this problem.
I'll try to build my own image now with the patches reverted that Cornelius mentioned. I'll report, if I succeed with this step.
coocooc got a reaction from Tuffi in Odroid C4 will not reboot after any sort of kernel update - have tried running nand-sata-install