crr

I'm using Tinkerboard with USB connected SATA HDD for 5 years as 24/7 server and had no similar issues with powering. The device is powered by dual USB socket power supply (1x USB to power TB, 1xUSB to power HDD via Y-USB cable). I would start with metering voltage or plugging cheap voltage monitor between power supply and TB. Try also USB power supply providing 5.2V instead of 5.0V It should also work when power is only provided to TB USB output (from external powered USB hub) I had similar issues with Raspberry Pi 3B - with similar configuration (USB 1xHDD 2,5") and main indicator of failure was undervoltage - (vgencmd indicated ) and changing power supply did not help. The only solution I've found for it was to programatically power cycle Raspberry Pi built-in USB hub every time when HDD was not available.