Found an appropriate workaround: Add the `brcmfmac_wcc` module to `/etc/initramfs-tools/modules`, and the wireless interface will be instantiated during initramfs loading and the netplan generator won't be confused by its absence.
Also found another issue where the extra `brcmfmac43456-sdio.clm_blob` firmware file isn't properly registered by the module code, so mkinitramfs skips it. That's inherited from the Raspberry Pi firmware files which introduced the extra `clm_blob`. I filed it for the Pi kernel here: https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/issues/6828, but the same issue affects the Armbian kernel + firmware combination.
The fix is either a kernel patch or an initramfs hack like the following hook:
#!/bin/sh -e
# Copy missing firmware files for brcmfmac driver
PREREQ=""
prereqs () { echo "${PREREQ}"; }
case "${1}" in prereqs) prereqs; exit 0 ;; esac ;
. /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions
echo "Copying missing firmware files for brcmfmac..."
cp /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43456-sdio.clm_blob ${DESTDIR}/lib/firmware/brcm/
The hack is unaware of any firmware file platform variants like `radxa,zero` or `radxa,rockpi4b` and such - it just turns out the `brcmfmac43456-sdio.clm_blob` file doesn't have any.