Same/similar issue. Armbian Bookworm v25.8.1 on BTT Pi. wlan0/wlan1 devices are visible, but after first reboot, do not connect anymore. Even after stopping any networking-related services/processes, "iw wlan0 scan" just returns "device or resource busy".
Changing the netplan renderer to network-manager as recommended did not work for me either. I also experienced the sunxi64-mmc kernel error messages when trying to reload the rt8189fs module.
After switching kernel from 6.12.47-current to 6.16.8-edge, WLAN worked right away. But in exchange the wired eth0 device is now gone completely... you can't have it all (Maybe related to this?)
