I couldn't find this documented specifically, but I confirmed this was the case via testing. Google also provided an AI summary which also stated that this was the case. I enabled `iptables-legacy` in the Armbian kernel builder which then resolved the errors I was getting. I also eventually realized through further research that `nftables` were also supported and available as a module out of the box. I wound up changing my Microk8s config to use `nftables`, which also worked out and is where I left my config today.
Hopefully this is helpful for someone else in the future.
Somewhat relevant articles:
https://github.com/canonical/microk8s/issues/2180
https://github.com/canonical/microk8s/issues/4387
https://hub.libre.computer/t/missing-iptables-kernel-configs-for-microk8s-calico/3717