I have Orange Pi 5 Plus 32GB RAM version (no longer being sold).
Known good kernel is 6.1.75-vendor-rk35xx
I just ran sudo apt update and apt upgrade, and I knew this kernel 6.12.xx wouldn't work but I rebooted to try it anyway. Broken, dead, thought it may be DTB.
I kept good notes from the prior problem. This board has been rock solid stable with 6.1.75 and I'm running with NPU for AI inference (requires rknn2, not the regular rknn, current version I was working on upgrading to tonight is rknn 2.30 as loadable module (.so).
I have serial connected so I can recover via U-Boot and get the kernel back to 6.1.75.
Here are the fixes Claude provided based on my prior notes.
I hope this helps someone. Find me on X @iDare
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Claude Opus 4.6:
This is a confirmed, well-documented upstream kernel bug. Here's the full picture:
Confirmed: Known RK3588 GPU Power Domain Bug
The Bug (Exact Match)
Sebastian Reichel from Collabora reported that the Linux kernel crashes on Rock 5B when the panthor driver is loaded. The crash involves the rockchip power management domain failing to enable the GPU domain, followed by an SError Interrupt causing a kernel panic. Patchwork
The Armbian forum thread from a Rock 5B user shows the identical crash signature to yours:
The crash trace shows rockchip-pm-domain fd8d8000.power-management:power-controller: failed to get ack on domain 'gpu' followed by SError Interrupt on CPU5, code 0x00000000be000411 with the panic originating from panthor_init calling through rockchip_pd_power_on. Armbian Community Forums
That user confirmed downgrading to kernel 6.12 fixed it for the edge branch.
Root Cause
The GPU power domain requires the GPU voltage regulator to be enabled before the power domain can be turned on. The regulator is enabled at boot time but automatically gets disabled when there are no users. If the GPU driver probes late, the system tries to enable the power domain without the regulator, causing an SError. Patchwork
Your boot log confirms this exactly:
rockchip-pm-domain: Looking up gpu-supply property in node /power-management@fd8d8000/power-controller failed
No gpu-supply in the DT = panthor tries to power on GPU domain = bus fault = SError = kernel panic.
The Fix (Upstream, Merged)
The patch series adds GPU power domain regulator dependency for RK3588, including a specific DTS change for the Orange Pi 5 Plus (rk3588-orangepi-5-plus.dts). Linaro
The v6 patchset was merged (commit f94500eb7328) into Heiko Stübner's tree. It landed in the regulator tree for-next and was applied to the Rockchip DTS tree. Patchew
However, this fix is in kernel 6.15+ (merge window). Your vendor kernel 6.1.75 doesn't have it, and the panthor DT overlay is apparently being applied without the matching power domain fix.
What Happened on Your Board
Your apt upgrade likely updated the panthor DT overlay (rockchip-rk3588-panthor-gpu.dtbo) to a newer version that activates the mainline panthor driver path, but the vendor kernel 6.1.75's rockchip-pm-domain driver lacks the regulator handling code. The overlay enables the GPU node for panthor but doesn't add the gpu-supply property to the power domain controller node.
Other Users Hit This Too
Multiple Armbian forum threads report the OPi5 with kernel 6.12 failing to boot with kernel panic, and the 6.12.58 minimal image also has non-boot reports. Armbian Community Forums
Another user reported their OPi5 Plus stayed stuck on kernel 6.1.75 even after apt upgrade to Armbian 25.2.2, suggesting the kernel package wasn't being updated through normal channels. Armbian Community Forums
Recovery Plan
Step 1: Boot via U-Boot serial (known-good commands)
setenv initrd_addr_r 0x0a000000 ext4load nvme 0:4 ${kernel_addr_r} /boot/vmlinuz-6.1.75-vendor-rk35xx ext4load nvme 0:4 0x0a000000 /boot/uInitrd-6.1.75-vendor-rk35xx ext4load nvme 0:4 ${fdt_addr_r} /boot/dtb/rockchip/rk3588-orangepi-5-plus.dtb setenv bootargs console=ttyS2,1500000 root=/dev/nvme0n1p1 rw rootwait rootfstype=ext4 booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${initrd_addr_r}:${filesize} ${fdt_addr_r}
This bypasses the panthor overlay entirely (loads base DTB directly).
Step 2: Once booted, disable the overlay and pin the kernel
bash
# Comment out panthor overlay sudo sed -i 's/^overlays=panthor-gpu/#overlays=panthor-gpu/' /boot/armbianEnv.txt # Pin ALL kernel packages sudo apt-mark hold linux-image-vendor-rk35xx linux-dtb-vendor-rk35xx \ linux-headers-vendor-rk35xx linux-u-boot-orangepi5-plus-vendor
# Verify apt-mark showhold cat /boot/armbianEnv.txt
Step 3: Check what actually changed
bash
# See if a new kernel was installed dpkg -l | grep linux-image ls -lt /boot/vmlinuz* ls -lt /boot/dtb/rockchip/rk3588-orangepi-5-plus.dtb # Check overlay timestamp ls -lt /boot/dtb/rockchip/overlay/rockchip-rk3588-panthor-gpu.dtbo # Check apt history cat /var/log/apt/history.log | tail -50
Step 4 (Future): Proper Fix Options
Once stable, you have two paths to properly restore GPU acceleration:
A) Stay on 6.1.75 vendor + add gpu-supply to a custom overlay:
dts
// Custom overlay that adds gpu-supply to power-controller // This is the DTS fix from the upstream patchset &power_controller { gpu-supply = <&vdd_gpu_s0>; };
B) Wait for Armbian to ship a vendor kernel with the fix backported, or move to a mainline kernel (6.15+) once the full patchset is in a stable release.
Are you at the serial console now? Let's get you booted.
