I did as you told: install Armbian on a new SD, bootup, create user and set passwords. After I adjust /boot/armbianEnv.txt to set UUID to my drive and then rebooted successfully.
One point, because older SD was going into RO mode, I have badly installed package: initramfs-tools, and future apt upgrade were finished with an error. So I have to reinstall it by command:
sudo apt install --reinstall initramfs-tools:armhf
After this everything works good, thanks!
UPDATE:
I was a bit wrong, Kernel has some problems, this is an error when I try to run iptables:
$ sudo iptables -vnL
modprobe: ERROR: ../libkmod/libkmod.c:586 kmod_search_moddep() could not open moddep file '/lib/modules/4.19.57-sunxi/modules.dep.bin'
modprobe: FATAL: Module ip_tables not found in directory /lib/modules/4.19.57-sunxi
iptables v1.6.1: can't initialize iptables table `filter': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?)
Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
I try this and that with update and upgrade, but helps only to re-install the same kernel via armbain-config>System>Other>choose the same Kernel as I have had before.