I also could not run it, checked different sata cables, different ssds. I tested that on 3A, 5A and to my suprise same setup worked on 5B (on vendor 6.1 and edge), so it's not the matter of damaged cable or component.
Obvious solution is to use any pcie - sata adapter like m.2 A+E with JMB582 (dual sata) or m.2 M ASM1166 or JMB585, I got it on one Rock 3A paired with radxa penta sata kit (works great with additional 2.5G pcie adapter).