There are many ways to fix a damage SD card. I often use the command prompt and rename these two methods. Here are the steps:
Use a command prompt:
Connect the damaged SD card to your computer > Go to "My Computer" > Under the "Devices and Drives" section, locate the SD card and write down its drive letter > Run the command prompt and type "chkdsk h:/ r", Where "h" is the letter of the drive > check if the problem has been successfully resolved.
Rename:
Open Disk Management > Find SD Card > Right click and select "Change drive letter and path" > Apply changes > Reboot the system and connect the SD card again > Check the SD card.