I had to reboot again. And this time the SD-card issue was back.
==> It was just "by chance" that it booted 2 times without problems.
Attached are 2 log files.
One with working SD-card and one reboot where SD-card initialization failed.
The the ok case was a cold start.
In mmc.nok.log: "mmc2: card never left busy state"
mmc.ok.log
mmc.nok.log