Vitalicus

Looks like you use an image from balbes150. You may want to ask in this thread here, which is about his images.
 
But before asking, read the important comments a few times. 
 
 

The quote you gave is outdated and not relevant. Installation on NVMe is performed from armbian-config. Start the system from the SD card, create a partition on NVMe (you do not need to format it), run armbian-config and select the option to install on NVMe+MTD(SPI) in the menu, answer the wizard's questions. The system will automatically do all the work, you don't need to copy anything with your hands.
 
Important. these versions DO NOT work with PD power supplies.

A test version of Armbian images to run from NVMe without having to write the curve of the official u-boot version to SPI (which breaks the launch of other systems from SD cards and other media). The whole system works completely with NVMe .
 
 
https://disk.yandex.ru/d/V5AxXNN2yJnOfg
 
The installation of the system on NVMe and u-boot in SPI was checked using the standard tools of the armbian-config utility. Everything works correctly. Also in this new u-boot, the ability to start the system in EFI mode is available.
 
To install a system with EFI\grub on NVMe. Install a new bootloader in SPI. Start the system from the SD card and burn the system image with the EFI\grub DD utility to NVMe.
images with EFI\grub support are located in directories with the extension "EFI"

New version 20221210.
I checked the installation of the new version of u-boot on SPI. Everything works correctly. The new version works correctly with the system startup order.
If you install the system on NVMe and connect the SD card with another system, the SD card will start. For example, you can install an Ubuntu system on NVMe and run Debian from an SD card. Also, the new u-boot supports the system startup mode with EFI\grub.