Hey Efe,
Thank you for your help. Cannot believe that I downloaded the wrong Armbian image. With the Armbian_24.2.1_Orangepi5-plus_jammy_legacy_5.10.160_gnome-amazingfated_desktop.img.xz, I managed to boot into the setup CLI, although it is very "flashy". The monitor turns off and on again every 2 seconds. After setting up, it says "Starting desktop environment..", and goes black from there.
The flashy CLI helped me figure out the reason. I am using ultra wide screen with 5120 x 1440 resolution. After changing to standard 2k resolution, I can boot into the desktop without any issue. Once I am in, I can change the resolution in settings to 5120 x 1440. I think the initial Linux configurations cannot understand weird aspect ratio. I tried 2k resolution with Joshua Riek image that I failed to boot before and it worked normally this time. Because Joshua Riek uses GUI first-boot screen, I went immediately to black screen instead of "flashy CLI".