I have had major problems trying to use spidev on the pine RockPro64 SBC running Armbian_24.2.1_Rockpro64_jammy_current_6.6.16_xfce. I have posted these comments on the pine.org forum also.
I think there is a problem with the spidev device in Armbian as it never toggles the CS line. When I controlled the CS line from my software, I could communicate, but the received data was wrong. I have no experience with the device tree, but I suspect an isue therein. To bypass the problem I wrote a bitbang routine and it works fine and gives the correct data.
See the attached file for my discussion.
usingspi.txt