I chose a 1TB Samsung MZ-V7S1T0BW 970 EVO Plus and one of the Radxa NVME heatsinks with 2x clear bands holding it on.
No paste, no sticky pad, didn't remove the sticker (sue me ).
It idles along at 35°C in the acrylic case with the Radxa fan (which is on the other side of the board, obviously!), while the CPU is also around 35°C (ambient is currently 25°C).
During the fio tests below (after running several times) the drive's internal temperature peaked at 69°C, and the external temp at 59°C.
It seemed like good value (and speed) for money at AU$179 ( ~ US$115? ) on Amazon(.au).
root@rock5:~# hdparm -tT --direct /dev/nvme0n1
/dev/nvme0n1:
Timing O_DIRECT cached reads: 3514 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1758.52 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 5472 MB in 3.00 seconds = 1823.70 MB/sec
root@rock5:~# fio --filename=/mnt/nvme/test.bin --direct=1 --rw=write --ioengine=libaio --bs=2m --iodepth=64 --size=10G --numjobs=1 --runtime=60 --time_base=1 --group_reporting --name=test-seq-write
test-seq-write: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 2048KiB-2048KiB, (W) 2048KiB-2048KiB, (T) 2048KiB-2048KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.32
Starting 1 process
test-seq-write: Laying out IO file (1 file / 10240MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)][100.0%][w=3064MiB/s][w=1532 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test-seq-write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=17830: Fri Nov 11 12:22:56 2022
write: IOPS=1527, BW=3054MiB/s (3203MB/s)(179GiB/60041msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=196, max=4245, avg=463.28, stdev=87.74
clat (usec): min=32206, max=80119, avg=41428.38, stdev=2070.37
lat (usec): min=32694, max=80591, avg=41891.66, stdev=2063.49
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[39584], 5.00th=[40109], 10.00th=[40109], 20.00th=[40109],
| 30.00th=[40109], 40.00th=[40633], 50.00th=[40633], 60.00th=[40633],
| 70.00th=[40633], 80.00th=[43779], 90.00th=[45351], 95.00th=[45351],
| 99.00th=[45876], 99.50th=[46400], 99.90th=[49021], 99.95th=[51643],
| 99.99th=[73925]
bw ( MiB/s): min= 2992, max= 3096, per=100.00%, avg=3057.25, stdev=18.13, samples=119
iops : min= 1496, max= 1548, avg=1528.59, stdev= 9.04, samples=119
lat (msec) : 50=99.93%, 100=0.07%
cpu : usr=14.26%, sys=59.82%, ctx=65623, majf=0, minf=11
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=99.9%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=0,91694,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: bw=3054MiB/s (3203MB/s), 3054MiB/s-3054MiB/s (3203MB/s-3203MB/s), io=179GiB (192GB), run=60041-60041msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme0n1: ios=0/374636, merge=0/0, ticks=0/15378262, in_queue=15378262, util=99.85%
root@rock5:~# fio --filename=/mnt/nvme/test.bin --direct=1 --rw=read --ioengine=libaio --bs=2m --iodepth=64 --size=10G --numjobs=1 --runtime=60 --time_base=1 --group_reporting --name=test-seq-read
test-seq-read: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 2048KiB-2048KiB, (W) 2048KiB-2048KiB, (T) 2048KiB-2048KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64
fio-3.32
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [R(1)][100.0%][r=3145MiB/s][r=1572 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test-seq-read: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=17996: Fri Nov 11 12:24:25 2022
read: IOPS=1568, BW=3137MiB/s (3289MB/s)(184GiB/60040msec)
slat (usec): min=130, max=6520, avg=402.38, stdev=133.63
clat (msec): min=18, max=159, avg=40.33, stdev= 2.01
lat (msec): min=18, max=163, avg=40.73, stdev= 2.04
clat percentiles (msec):
| 1.00th=[ 37], 5.00th=[ 40], 10.00th=[ 40], 20.00th=[ 40],
| 30.00th=[ 41], 40.00th=[ 41], 50.00th=[ 41], 60.00th=[ 41],
| 70.00th=[ 41], 80.00th=[ 41], 90.00th=[ 42], 95.00th=[ 42],
| 99.00th=[ 44], 99.50th=[ 46], 99.90th=[ 52], 99.95th=[ 72],
| 99.99th=[ 138]
bw ( MiB/s): min= 2327, max= 3164, per=100.00%, avg=3140.59, stdev=75.34, samples=119
iops : min= 1163, max= 1582, avg=1570.24, stdev=37.73, samples=119
lat (msec) : 20=0.05%, 50=99.83%, 100=0.09%, 250=0.02%
cpu : usr=1.91%, sys=67.30%, ctx=54414, majf=0, minf=32787
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=99.9%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=94176,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=3137MiB/s (3289MB/s), 3137MiB/s-3137MiB/s (3289MB/s-3289MB/s), io=184GiB (198GB), run=60040-60040msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nvme0n1: ios=384613/0, merge=11752/0, ticks=15331918/0, in_queue=15331918, util=100.00%