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@Piotr syou can try this build it’s based on the 6.14 kernel. Only issue I know of is audio using the a/v port. https://github.com/NickAlilovic/build/tree/v20250407

it should be "rock-4se". did you enable the display of the community supported boards. the compile tool will only display those with standard support by default. to speed things up, you can simply add 'BOARD="rock-4se"' to ./compile.sh

Hello everybody, I tried building an in-kernel module for USB Dongle Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2357:0120 TP-Link Archer T2U PLUS [RTL8821AU] on my OrangePi Plus. Armbian supplied module from aircrack-ng/rtl8812au has become aging and raises exception errors on modprobe -r. It was deactivated : root@orangepiplus:/etc/modprobe.d# vi blacklist-88XXau.conf #blacklist 88XXau I made a fresh install of Armbian minimal image, then switched to : root@orangepiplus:~# uname -a Linux orangepiplus 6.15.4-edge-sunxi #1 SMP Fri Jun 27 10:13:43 UTC 2025 armv7l GNU/Linux root@orangepiplus:/usr/src# cat /proc/version Linux version 6.15.4-edge-sunxi (build@armbian) (arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.42) #1 SMP Fri Jun 27 10:13:43 UTC 2025 root@orangepiplus:/usr/src# zcat /proc/config.gz | grep CC_VERSION CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT="arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0" CONFIG_GCC_VERSION=130300 root@orangepiplus:/usr/src# zcat /proc/config.gz | grep STACKPROTECTOR CONFIG_CC_HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR_TLS=y CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR_PER_TASK=y CONFIG_HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR=y CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR=y CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG=y Headers were downloaded with armbian-config : root@orangepiplus:/mnt/sda2/src/linux-6.15.4# drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Aug 21 21:40 linux-headers-6.15.4-edge-sunxi Then performed usual build process: root@orangepiplus:/usr/src# sudo git clone --depth 1 --branch linux-6.15.y https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git root@orangepiplus:/usr/src# sudo ln -s /usr/src/linux /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build root@orangepiplus:/usr/src# ls -al /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Aug 21 22:45 /lib/modules/6.15.4-edge-sunxi/build -> /usr/src/linux cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) /usr/src/linux/.config sudo make olddefconfig sudo make menuconfig Module activated in the following tree : │ Symbol: RTW88 [=m] │ │ Type : tristate │ │ Defined at drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/Kconfig:2 │ │ Prompt: Realtek 802.11ac wireless chips support │ │ Depends on: NETDEVICES [=y] && WLAN [=y] && WLAN_VENDOR_REALTEK [=y] && MAC80211 [=m] │ │ Location: │ │ -> Device Drivers │ │ -> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y]) │ │ -> Wireless LAN (WLAN [=y]) │ │ -> Realtek devices (WLAN_VENDOR_REALTEK [=y]) │ │ (1) -> Realtek 802.11ac wireless chips support (RTW88 [=m]) root@orangepiplus:/usr/src/linux# grep -E 'CONFIG_RTW88_CORE|CONFIG_RTLWIFI|CONFIG_RTW88_8821AU' .config CONFIG_RTLWIFI=m CONFIG_RTLWIFI_USB=m # CONFIG_RTLWIFI_DEBUG is not set CONFIG_RTW88_CORE=m CONFIG_RTW88_8821AU=m cp /usr/src/linux-headers-6.15.4-edge-sunxi/Module.symvers /usr/src/linux/ Then compiled with: root@orangepiplus:/usr/src/linux# sudo make -j$(nproc) ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- M=drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88 make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88' MODPOST Module.symvers CC [M] rtw88_core.mod.o CC [M] .module-common.o CC [M] rtw88_8822b.mod.o CC [M] rtw88_8822bs.mod.o CC [M] rtw88_8822bu.mod.o CC [M] rtw88_8822c.mod.o CC [M] rtw88_8822cs.mod.o ... LD [M] rtw88_core.ko LD [M] rtw88_8822b.ko LD [M] rtw88_8822bs.ko LD [M] rtw88_8822bu.ko LD [M] rtw88_8822c.ko LD [M] rtw88_8822cs.ko LD [M] rtw88_8822cu.ko LD [M] rtw88_8723x.ko LD [M] rtw88_8723d.ko LD [M] rtw88_8723ds.ko LD [M] rtw88_8723du.ko LD [M] rtw88_8821c.ko LD [M] rtw88_8821cs.ko LD [M] rtw88_8821cu.ko LD [M] rtw88_88xxa.ko LD [M] rtw88_8821a.ko LD [M] rtw88_8821au.ko LD [M] rtw88_sdio.ko LD [M] rtw88_usb.ko make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88' root@orangepiplus:/usr/src/linux# modinfo /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/rtw88_8821au.ko filename: /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/rtw88_8821au.ko license: Dual BSD/GPL description: Realtek 802.11ac wireless 8821au/8811au driver author: Bitterblue Smith <rtl8821cerfe2@gmail.com> ... alias: usb:v0BDAp0811d*dc*dsc*dp*icFFiscFFipFFin* depends: rtw88_usb,rtw88_8821a name: rtw88_8821au vermagic: 6.15.11 SMP mod_unload ARMv7 thumb2 p2v8 sudo make modules_install ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- doesn't work. Needs fixing. So I just copied modules to system location : root@orangepiplus:/usr/src/linux# sudo cp /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/*.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/ root@orangepiplus:/usr/src/linux# sudo depmod -a But loading failed as follows : root@orangepiplus:/usr/src/linux# sudo modprobe rtw88_8821au modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'rtw88_8821au': Exec format error Aug 22 16:31:52 orangepiplus kernel: module rtw88_88xxa: .gnu.linkonce.this_module section size must match the kernel's built struct module size at run time It appears to be a structural issue, as I also tried building out-of-kernel module from lwfinger/rtw88 I also tried building on Nanopi-r5s. Each time Exec format error was observed despite the module was successfully built. Different analysis point to GCC version mismatch between kernel and build host, ABI incompatibility and subtle build failures, thus causing non-alignment with the kernel buid. Several other build flags were tried to align with the kernel, but in vain. The root cause was not found. I am running out of options now. Could community or development team point to correct approach building an in-kernel module on a running system in native environment ? PS : complementary information : when armbian headers were downloaded with armbian-config, the following build output was observed : /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/12/cc1 -quiet -I ./scripts/include -I ./scripts/dtc/libfdt -imultilib . -imultiarch arm-linux-gnueabihf -D _LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D _FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D NO_YAML -MMD scripts/dtc/.dtc.o.d scripts/dtc/dtc.c -quiet -dumpdir scripts/dtc/ -dumpbase dtc.c -dumpbase-ext .c -mfloat-abi=hard -mtls-dialect=gnu -mthumb -mlibarch=armv7-a+fp -march=armv7-a+fp -O2 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -std=gnu11 -fomit-frame-pointer -o /tmp/ccY6Z3QK.s It may give some clues on the flags used.

@ARx8if need help fixing the sd card. Login to IRC and ask the sunxi guys. https://oftc.catirclogs.org/linux-sunxi/2025-08-20

@Trung Nguyễn git clone https://github.com/NickAlilovic/build.git --branch v20250306 cd build ./compile.sh choose "Do not change kernel configuration" choose "Show CSC/WIP/EOS/TVB" choose "I understand and agree" choose "x98h" choose "edge" rest is up to you. Your image should be in output/images directory.

Well no. I meant what you did. Install on an SD card and boot. The thing is the RoobiOS menu, as far as I understand, is the EMMC Radaxa OS U-boot. My EMMC was shipped empty, and I have no Roobi Menu. U-Boot is the first thing to load, so if you get a Roobi menu you are not booting from SD card u-boot.

@prahal ok - so I've only been using the micro SD card to try boot and load an image from. So far, from what I understand, RoobiOS seems to be installed on the onboard emmc at a lower-priority boot option (i.e. if there's no boot OS on the NVMe, microSD or SATA III drive then boot from the onboard emmc). If I understand correctly, you're suggesting I load an empty / non-bootable micro SD card and then from the RoobiOS menu select one of your builds, chose to install to the micro SD and then transfer the bootable image to NVMe after? (Not that I know how to transfer the OS from micro SD to NVMe ... yet ... but, as I say ... more learning ) . If this is correct then happy to try that.

Outdated kernel. overlays were probably added later https://github.com/armbian/linux-rockchip/tree/rk-6.1-rkr5.1/arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/overlay

I have no experience installing to NVME yet, but I guess you have to write the image to an SD card then move the install with armbian-config to the NVME. Also I don't know if Radxa u-boot is OK for Armbian images. You might be booting from Radxa U-boot on emmc to Armbian Linux kernel. I hope if an Armbian install SD card is inserted, its u-boot takes precedence over the EMMc one, but I am not confident it does for an NVME install. I cannot test a RoobiOS setup until mid September to confirm if that is the issue. You should provide the serial console output so I can investigate.

Debug boot issues: https://debug.armbian.de

By the way, for the rock-4SE I don't see any available target in the list when I execute "./compile.sh" I don't see any with "rock-4x", is any of those targets compatible with rock-4se?

Preach You're 100% right - people do what they can - and we (I think that I think for most people) just appreciate what others can do that we can't For now I have what seems to be a CLI build ... I'm a Windows guy so learning about Linux. I did try dabbling 27 years ago ... but what was new then hasn't been cemented into my mind. Although interesting to see that KDE and GNOME are still a thing! But the principles make sense and much of the OS architecture is actually very similar... although the command line can be very different! For now I'm just trying to get OMV running so fingers crossed.

@mihanson Try new builds from incoming folder https://fi.mirror.armbian.de/incoming/igorpecovnik/tritium-h5/archive/

Certainly better moving forward and possibly less work, too. Good luck.

The code I am trying to run modifies the framebuffer /dev/fb0, I seen that the code works properly on Linux 5.15 on a Raspberry Pi, but not on 6.x. I tried on Armbian with Linux 6.x but I got also a bad behavior that is why I wanted to test the old kernel. About real-time, it is because I need that the process executions are not interrupted by the kernel. Probably, it may be better for me to understand why the code doesn't work on 6.x.

I have deployed Debian Trixie from download pages - with success. Moved my HA instance on it without any troubles.

that may be a hard task, so let's get into the obvious question first: Why do you need such an old kernel? I understand it's LTS, but the question is still why it has to be this kernel and not another.

Try the following: Armbian_25.8.1_Nanopi-r3s-lts_bookworm_current_6.12.41_minimal.img https://dl.armbian.com/nanopi-r3s-lts/Bookworm_current_minimal

OK. So solution is to properly writing SD. Armbian_25.5.2_Nanopi-r3s-lts_bookworm_current_6.12.34_minimal and the same result Armbian_25.5.2_Nanopi-r3s-lts_noble_current_6.12.34.

Yes. I also used gnome-disks and didn't bother to decompress, as it is not required to do so. Which img are you writing exactly?

Yes I tried. With no result. I even tried to write (decompressed) image by "gnome disks" graphic tool on Debian. With no result also. Board behaves like no system on SD (blink red led and no activity led on ethernets, except one on WAN). So the question is: if to insert properly recorded Armbian SD to x86 Debian, system have to recognize partition and read content of it, right?

Well, I can't tell why USB imager doesn't work nicely. I use it ... sometimes media is not recognized and restarting it usually helps and that is the only problem I experienced with it. For other issues check https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/usbimager/-/issues There is some note that might be relevant: Another alternative tools is RPi Imager. Issues are known and those were my personal experiences while trying to understand why it doesn't work anymore. This was about a year ago, bug was filed at Balena and it seems they didn't fix it yet. Since nothing happened for months, we simply start recommending other tools. Which might not be perfect either - according to troubles you are experiencing.

Hello, I am new using the "build" tool. I am trying to compile Armbian using this config: # Board and kernel selection BOARD="rock-4se" # e.g., "odroidc4", "orangepi5", etc. BRANCH="current" RELEASE="jammy" # or "bookworm" for Debian # Build options BUILD_MINIMAL="yes" BUILD_DESKTOP="no" KERNEL_CONFIGURE="no" KERNEL_BTF=no # Use custom kernel KERNELSOURCE="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rt/linux-stable-rt.git" KERNELBRANCH="tag:v5.15.92-rt57" # Enable RT patch KERNEL_USE_GCC="yes" KERNEL_COMPILER="aarch64-linux-gnu-" # or aarch64-linux-gnu- for ARM64 # Disable non-needed drivers SKIP_EXTERNAL="yes" SKIP_BOOTSPLASH="yes" BUILD_KSRC="no" ENABLE_WIRELESS="no" BLUETOOTH_SUPPORT="no" WIREGUARD="no" DRIVER_UWE5622="no" DRIVER_RTL8723DU="no" DRIVER_RTL8723DS="no" I stored it in userpatches/config-rock-4se.h and I compile using ./compile.sh rock-4se. I get this error with wireless patches, it seems that they are not compatible with this kernel (?) [🐳|🌱] * applying patch/misc/wireless-uwe5622/uwe5622-warnings.patch [🐳|🔨] The text leading up to this was: [🐳|🔨] -------------------------- [🐳|🔨] |diff --git a/net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c b/net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c [🐳|🔨] |--- a/net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c (revision 58aa050aa57333b34b358234002121c59fb3af26) [🐳|🔨] |+++ b/net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c (revision bf8ab2f58b21494ffde96979431a3da931deb48b) [🐳|🔨] -------------------------- [🐳|🔨] No file to patch. Skipping patch. [🐳|🔨] 1 out of 1 hunk ignored [🐳|💥] * applying patch/misc/wireless-uwe5622/uwe5622-park-link-v6.1-post.patch [ failed ] [🐳|💥] error! [ Patching error, exiting. ] [🐳|💥] Exiting with error 43 [ at /armbian/lib/functions/logging/traps.sh:1 exit_with_error() --> lib/functions/logging/traps.sh:1 process_patch_file() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/patching.sh:103 driver_uwe5622() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/drivers_network.sh:506 kernel_drivers_prepare_harness() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/drivers-harness.sh:160 kernel_drivers_create_patches() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/drivers-harness.sh:94 do_with_hooks() --> lib/functions/general/extensions.sh:603 do_with_logging() --> lib/functions/logging/section-logging.sh:81 kernel_main_patching() --> lib/functions/compilation/kernel-patching.sh:76 compile_kernel() --> lib/functions/compilation/kernel.sh:54 artifact_kernel_build_from_sources() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifact-kernel.sh:240 artifact_build_from_sources() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifacts-obtain.sh:34 obtain_complete_artifact() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifacts-obtain.sh:280 build_artifact_for_image() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifacts-obtain.sh:392 main_default_build_packages() --> lib/functions/main/build-packages.sh:102 full_build_packages_rootfs_and_image() --> lib/functions/main/default-build.sh:31 do_with_default_build() --> lib/functions/main/default-build.sh:42 cli_standard_build_run() --> lib/functions/cli/cli-build.sh:25 armbian_cli_run_command() --> lib/functions/cli/utils-cli.sh:136 cli_entrypoint() --> lib/functions/cli/entrypoint.sh:176 main() --> compile.sh:50 ] [🐳|💥] Cleaning up [ please wait for cleanups to finish ] You can see that in the conf file I tried to disable this drivers but the patches are still being applied. I also try to remove all those patches but I got errors like this: $ rm patch/misc/wireless-* -rf $./compile.sh rock-4se ... [🐳|🔨] HEAD is now at 81306b3f6006 'Linux 5.15.92-rt57' [🐳|🌱] Preparing driver [ driver_generic_bring_back_ipx ] [🐳|🌱] Reverting upstream-removed [ IPX stuff needed for Wireless Drivers ] /armbian/patch/misc/wireless-bring-back-headers.patch: No such file or directory patch: **** Can't open patch file /armbian/patch/misc/wireless-bring-back-headers.patch : No such file or directory [🐳|💥] * applying patch/misc/wireless-bring-back-headers.patch [ failed ] [🐳|💥] error! [ Patching error, exiting. ] [🐳|💥] Exiting with error 43 [ at /armbian/lib/functions/logging/traps.sh:1 exit_with_error() --> lib/functions/logging/traps.sh:1 process_patch_file() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/patching.sh:103 driver_generic_bring_back_ipx() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/drivers_network.sh:33 kernel_drivers_prepare_harness() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/drivers-harness.sh:160 kernel_drivers_create_patches() --> lib/functions/compilation/patch/drivers-harness.sh:94 do_with_hooks() --> lib/functions/general/extensions.sh:603 do_with_logging() --> lib/functions/logging/section-logging.sh:81 kernel_main_patching() --> lib/functions/compilation/kernel-patching.sh:76 compile_kernel() --> lib/functions/compilation/kernel.sh:54 artifact_kernel_build_from_sources() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifact-kernel.sh:240 artifact_build_from_sources() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifacts-obtain.sh:34 obtain_complete_artifact() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifacts-obtain.sh:280 build_artifact_for_image() --> lib/functions/artifacts/artifacts-obtain.sh:392 main_default_build_packages() --> lib/functions/main/build-packages.sh:102 full_build_packages_rootfs_and_image() --> lib/functions/main/default-build.sh:31 do_with_default_build() --> lib/functions/main/default-build.sh:42 cli_standard_build_run() --> lib/functions/cli/cli-build.sh:25 armbian_cli_run_command() --> lib/functions/cli/utils-cli.sh:136 cli_entrypoint() --> lib/functions/cli/entrypoint.sh:176 main() --> compile.sh:50 ] [🐳|💥] Cleaning up [ please wait for cleanups to finish ] ... how can I fix this issue and compile that kernel branch?

@darcyg @ Hqnicolas rk3576-h96-m9s.dts rk3576 -h96-m9s-linux.dtsi armsom-sige5-rk3576_defconfig 1.Reset button in UBOOT OK 2. video acceleration OK work.。kodi video acceleration Armbian-unofficial_25.11.0-trunk_H96-m9_bookworm_vendor_6.1.115-backported-mesa.img https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1lzLwm9NhxZ_0_mghKG4A0XQ6NNsU9sn-?usp=drive_link kodi https://github.com/armsurvivors/kodi-rockchip-deb 3. When turning off the box, the lights are still on. Probably - it is not really turned off. 4. No wifi No Bluetooth

@OleksandrK I wrote both the Bookworm and Noble img and in both cases the partition table looked fine. I booted the Noble img; _ _ _ /_\ _ _ _ __ | |__(_)__ _ _ _ / _ \| '_| ' \| '_ \ / _` | ' \ /_/ \_\_| |_|_|_|_.__/_\__,_|_||_| v25.8.1 for NanoPi R3S LTS running Armbian Linux 6.12.41-current-rockchip64 Packages: Ubuntu stable (noble) IPv4: (LAN) 10.0.0.xxx (WAN) xx.xxx.xxx.xx IPv6: 2601:xx:xxx:a200::b05b, 2601:xx:xxx:a200:510c:3033:d120:7b0d (WAN) 2601:xx:xxx:a200:e489:6cce:bd44:57dc Performance: Load: 25% Uptime: 1 min Memory usage: 8% of 1.92G CPU temp: 30°C Usage of /: 10% of 29G RX today: 127 KiB Commands: Configuration : armbian-config Monitoring : htop Last login: Fri Aug 22 09:00:15 2025 from 10.0.0.36 root@nanopi-r3s-lts:~# As asked before, did you decompress the img before writing?