Thanks, @gprovost, that does appear to be the case.
I'm not sure why that is, though. I'm fairly certain I'm using a USB 3.0 port on my Debian PC. I plugged an external HDD into the same port and I think it gets recognized as a USB 3.0 port (I'm guessing because of the 5000M:
XXXXX@deadshot:~ $ lsusb -t
/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/6p, 5000M
|__ Port 6: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 5000M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 480M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
When I plug my Helio64 into the same port on my Debian PC, using the included USB Type-C to USB-A cable, it doesn't show as a Mass Storage device:
XXXXX@deadshot:~ $ lsusb -t
/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/6p, 5000M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 480M
|__ Port 10: Dev 7, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=ftdi_sio, 12M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
EDIT: Not sure what I did, but it suddenly started working:
XXXXX@deadshot:~ $ lsusb -t
/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/6p, 5000M
|__ Port 3: Dev 7, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 5000M
|__ Port 5: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 5000M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/15p, 480M
|__ Port 3: Dev 10, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=ftdi_sio, 12M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
I see both the FTDI and the Mass Storage device (the other is another external drive I have). I guess I won't look a gift horse in the mouth and be glad that it's working!