Perhaps you can try to build Yamagi from source, as I pointed out, a developer has really optimized OpenGL ES.
Here you can see it on a VisionFive 2, RISC-V SBC, hitting almost 200fps at 1080p!
You can also try PS1 emulation with PCSXR (works without PS1 BIOS). I assume it's just:
sudo apt install rpcsx
.If you have a PS1 BIOS, you can also try Duckstation.
If you need a game for testing, you can try Magic Castle. It was released for free.
http://netyaroze.com/Media/Magic-Castle
https://archive.org/details/magic-castle-2021-07-may
Regarding eDuke32, did you try disabling compressed textures?
https://wiki.eduke32.com/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions