You're right, I was taking for granted that the power source voltage is 5V as recommended by the manufacturer, but I should have specified it.
I already knew about those posts you mention, and have read them several times. I am sure your findings are solid and well-founded. I'm just an amateur, and I won't dare to question what you pro guys state after many hours of research and tests.
But, at the same time, I want to contribute with a real-use experience that is not as bad as those numbers may suggest. I have seen a growing panic in several posts in different forums, as if the TB was useless without GPIO powering. In other words: when I ordered my Tinker, and started googling for info about it while waiting for it, all these posts here made me think I had wasted my money in a useless piece of scrap. But my experience is that it can be ideal for certain projects, where you need to combine a powerful SoC with good graphics, together with the flexibility of a SBC (as is my case: 24/7 playing video and PPT presentations, with programmed schedule, and communicating through GPIO to RS232 HDMI switch for a live camera feed at certain times).
So, totally agreed that the TB is not the best choice for any project that requires USB HDD's (I got an Opi+2e precisely for that). But in my experience, it can be a very good choice for other kind of projects, as long as you choose a good microusb cable and put a small fan on the case. As i said, not even a single problem in many hours of testing.
P.S.: Is it possible that ASUS has improved the quality of some components in recent batches (I got my TB in December), so now it performs better than the one you used for your tests? Or maybe they have introduced some tweaks in recent kernels, to cope with the power issues? I don't know, just asking.