I've seen that in there too, but I've never been able to get a subvolume to boot without using a boot partition. There is also CONFIG_CMD_BTRFS and I could be completely off here, but my thought was maybe a command needs to be executed with a boot script in order for the subvolume to be read/found? I normally use extlinux and with CONFIG_FS_BTRFS & CONFIG_CMD_BTRFS enabled it has always been a no go for me. Maybe someone else here has a thought on the subject?
EDIT
I tried 3 times getting this working using a Radxa Zero and it was a no-go for a single partition. Once I added a boot partition, it booted right up.
radxazero: ~ $ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
mmcblk0 179:0 0 29.7G 0 disk
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 253M 0 part /boot
└─mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 29.5G 0 part /
mmcblk1 179:32 0 14.6G 0 disk
├─mmcblk1p1 179:33 0 253M 0 part
└─mmcblk1p2 179:34 0 14.3G 0 part
mmcblk1boot0 179:64 0 4M 1 disk
mmcblk1boot1 179:96 0 4M 1 disk
zram0 253:0 0 1G 0 disk [SWAP]
radxazero: ~ $ findmnt /boot; findmnt /
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
/boot /dev/mmcblk0p1 ext4 rw,relatime
TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
/ /dev/mmcblk0p2[/@] btrfs rw,noatime,compress=lzo,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvol