bahtiyar57

sudo reboot Reboot                      try  systemctl reboot
sudo shutdown now Shutdown   try  systemctl poweroff
systemctl restart gpm often needed with debian
   - " -       start, stop, ....  program instead of /etc/init.d/program startm restart, stop
journalctl -b -p err Bootmeldungen, dazu nur die Fehlermeldungen wasaschaßis,
            weil da haddascho gestiefelt    --since-yesterday
journalctl --since=2012-10-15 --until="2011-10-16 23:59:59"
journalctl -u httpd --since=00:00 --until=9:30 
journalctl /dev/sdc
journalctl /usr/sbin/vpnc
journalctl -o verbose -n
journalctl -xe
journalctl -b > /0/jounalctl-ge4-ox.txt journalctl -b > /7/journalctl_gd3_.txt
systemctl status tahoe-lafs.service
systemctl -t service      
systemd-cgls | less?
systemctl -a
systemctl list-unit-files  | less
systemctl -r
systemctl --failed
systemctl --now
systemctl --message=ciao --halt
systemctl poweroff  never --force
systemctl start sshd  
systemctl status /dev/sda = systemctl status dev-sda.device
systemctl status /home = systemctl status home.mount  
systemctl stop sshd@*.service
systemctl kill crond.service
systemctl stop sshd
systemctl kill crond.service better than  killall -9 or kill
systemctl enable example1 
systemctl disable example1
systemctl disable ntpd.service   '
systemctl stop ntpd.service
systemctl link /path/to/foo.service
systemctl status networking.service
systemctl list-units 
'systemctl status bluetooth.service' and 'journalctl -xn'
ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/ntpd.service  
systemctl daemon-reload  
 
BUT
systemd-analyze plot > /tmp/plot.svg  fascinating!

Hi all. For a new video I've made a list with my most used/useful terminal commands.
Please let me know what I've missed, or which commands you use most.
 
Useful Linux commands for Ubuntu/Debian --------------------------------------- Update/Install -------------- sudo apt update Update repolists sudo apt upgrade Upgrade system/programs sudo apt autoremove Remove obsolete programs sudo apt install programName Install program sudo apt remove programName Remove program sudo aptitude install When having issue's with apt, aptitude can help to solve this sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade Update and upgrade together/You can run multiple commands with && sudo dpkg -i packageName.deb Install .deb file Root user --------- sudo passwd Change root password su Super User/Enter root user Debug/Monitor ------------- dmesg Shows debug messages uname -a Shows basic system information env Shows the environment information htop Hardware monitor Switch terminal --------------- ctrl + ALT + F4 (F1 - F6) Open new terminal 4 ctrl + ALT + F1 Go back to terminal 1 ctrl + ALT + F7 Go back to desktop Reboot/Shutdown --------------- sudo reboot Reboot sudo shutdown now Shutdown CPU Tools --------- cpufreq-set -g performance Set governor to performance cpufreq-set -u 2Ghz Set max frequency for all cores cpufreq-set -c 0-1 -u 1.8Ghz Set max frequency for specific cores lscpu | grep MHz Show cpu frequency taskset -c 3 programName Use a specific core for an application Files/Directories ----------------- nano /home/fileToRemove.txt Create a txt file with Nano. You could use any other texteditor. touch filename Create an empty file, no matter what kind cat /home/fileToRemove.txt Shows the content of a file cp /home/fileToRemove.txt /home/copy.txt Copy file find /home/ -iname "*.txt" Search files that end with .txt comm /home/fileToRemove.txt /home/copy.txt Compare files rm /home/fileToRemove.txt Remove file mv /home/copy.txt ~/Documents/ Move file mkdir /home/directoryToGoTo/ Create directory cd /home/directoryToGoTo/ Go to directory ls List directory ls -l Gives more information about every file/directory ls -l filename.txt Gives file information pwd Show current working directory cd .. Go to the above directory rmdir /home/directoryToGoTo/ Remove directory wget http://www.website.com/file.txt Download file Zip/Tar/GunZip -------------- zip myzip file1 file2 file3 Create zip file unzip myzip.zip Unzip file tar xvf filename.tar gunzip filename_tar.gz Mount drives/USB Devices ------------ lsusb List USB devices lsblb List attached drives mount /mount/mountedDisk /dev/sda2 Mount drive sudo chmod -R 777 /mount/mountedDisk Give user read/write permissions df -a List all filesystems Swap file/ZRam -------------- sudo apt install zram-config Install zram script sudo fallocate -l 8G /swapfile Allocate 8GB for swapfile sudo chmod 600 /swapfile Give the correct rights for the swapfile sudo mkswap /swapfile Make it a swapfile sudo swapon /swapfile Turn on the swapfile sudo nano /etc/fstab Open fstab and add the line ... |_ /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 Wifi ---- sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces and write: auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-ssid {ssid} wpa-psk {password} OR nmcli device wifi rescan Scan for available wifi networks nmcli device wifi list Show available wifi networks nmcli device wifi connect SSID-Name password wireless-password Connect wifi ip a Show ip ifconfig iwconfig Change Keyboard Layout ---------------------- sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration Set keyboard layout Add display resolution ---------------------- cvt 2560 1440 60 Select the display resolution you want # 2560x1440 59.96 Hz (CVT 3.69M9) hsync: 89.52 kHz; pclk: 312.25 MHz Modeline "2560x1440_60.00" 312.25 2560 2752 3024 3488 1440 1443 1448 1493 -hsync +vsync xrandr --newmode "2560x1440_60.00" 312.25 2560 2752 3024 3488 1440 1443 1448 1493 -hsync +vsync Add resolution, everything after Modeline from cvt is copied after newmode xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 2560x1440_60.00 Add the new resolution to your display xrandr --newmode "2560x1440_60.00" 312.25 2560 2752 3024 3488 1440 1443 1448 1493 -hsync +vsync && xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 2560x1440_60.00 Others ------ reset Clear terminal shift + page up Scroll up shift + page down Scroll down tab Autocomplete ctrl + c Quit for many programs date Show date/time cal Show calender Funny commands -------------- sl First need to install "sudo apt install sl", then try it out. It's great :) sl -alF cmatrix fortune/fortune-mod cowsay figlet toilet ponysay inxi cat /dev/urandom :(){ :|:& };: Endless loop (useful to test CPU maximized temperatures) Armbian ------- sudo armbianmonitor -m sudo armbian-config change cpu settings sudo nano /etc/default/cpufrequtils Made by NicoD  

I've taken peeks at threads related to hardware decoding (of H.264 and HEVC, mainly) on Allwinner and Rockchip platforms on and off, sometimes dabbled in trying and failing to implement solutions recommended there. Being a complete amateur, I find the topic very opaque and confusing, with various different components that need to interface with each other, be patched in sync, and sometimes change drastically between kernel versions, etc. Today I sat down and read up on these subjects, scouring wikis, documentation, this forum, and assorted other sources to try and understand how this works. In this post I will attempt to compile what I've learned on the different software components involved, their relationships, their current status, and solutions to the problem. I hope people more knowledgeable will correct me when I get something wrong or cite outdated information. Stuff which I am highly uncertain of I will print in italics.
(This post is going to focus on mainline implementations of Cedrus/Allwinner, I haven't looked into Hantro/Rkvdec/Rockchip specifics yet. I will speak only of H.264 and H.265/HEVC; I don't understand the high/low stuff and didn't pay attention to other codecs.)
 
Components:
 
Basics: Video codecs like H.264, H.265/HEVC, MPEG-2, etc. are standardised methods which serve to more efficiently encode and decode videos, reducing their filesize. Software en-/decoding is very CPU-intensive. Modern GPUS and ARM SoCs therefore contain specialised hardware (VPUs) to delegate these tasks to. Working hardware decoding is particularly important for underpowered ARM CPUs.
Drivers: Topmost in the stack are the VPU drivers. These are Sunxi-Cedrus/Cedrus V4L2 M2M and Cedar [Is this the legacy one?] on Allwinner; Hantro and Rkvdec on Rockchip. These are all still in development, but Cedrus already fully supports H.264, and partially supports HEVC, and is already usable in the mainline kernel.
APIs: In order for anything (userspace APIs, libraries) to make use of the VPU drivers, you need backends/APIs. For Cedrus, there is the unmaintained libva-v4l2-request backend which implements VA-API, the legacy VDPAU implementation libvdpau-sunxi, and as of kernel version 5.11, H.264 has been merged into the uAPI headers. Different applications may make recourse to one or another of these APIs.
Libraries: FFmpeg and GStreamer. provide libraries and APIs of their own to other applications but can (importantly!) also output directly to the framebuffer. FFmpeg must be patched to access either libva-v4l2-request or the Cedrus driver headers. GStreamer directly accesses kernel headers since 1.18 (works on 5.9, not on 5.10; 1.20 will support 5.11.)
Media players: mpv and depends on FFmpeg for hardware acceleration (and must be patched together with it). VLC can be set to access libva-v4l2-request directly. Kodi 19.0+ supports hardware acceleration out of the box without any out-of-tree patches.
Display server: An additional complication is drawing the output of any of the above on screen. Most successful implementations I've seen bypass X11 and either output directly to the framebuffer or force a plane/display layer on top of any X windows. Wayland apparently makes this easier by allowing applications to use their own DRM planes, but this hasn't been explored much yet. Kodi 19.0 works with all three windowing systems (X, Wayland, and gbm).
 
Codec status:
 
Taken from the LibreElec thread (which reflects LibreElec's status and is ahead of what works elsewhere, but outlines hardware limitations):
 
 
Approaches:
 
Many people have managed to make it work on their machines using different approaches. Note that some of these solutions are one or two years old, and kernel developments since may have changed the situation. Ordered from newer to older:
 
LibreElec – kernel + ffmpeg + Kodi: LibreElec is a Just-Enough-OS with the sole purpose of running Kodi, a media player. It's at the bleeding edge and usually implements codecs and features well before mainline or other distros. It achieves this by heavily patching everything up and down the stack, from the Linux kernel over FFmpeg to Kodi itself. These patches could all be applied to an Armbian build, but there are a lot of them, they're poorly documented, and you'd need to dig into their github to understand what they all do. LibreElec runs Kodi directly without a desktop. kodi-gbm is a package that can be installed on Armbian and functions similarly.
Key contributors to the project are @jernej and @Kwiboo, who sometimes post about their work here (and have been very helpful with questions, thank you). @balbes150 includes some of LibreElec's patches in his Armbian-TV builds, but I don't know which.
 
Kodi 19.0: 
 
LibreElec patches + mpv:
 
 
@megous – Kernel 5.11 + GStreamer: This implementation, done here on a PinePhone (A64), patches the 5.9 kernel and uses a recent version of GStreamer (1.18 and up), whose output is rendered directly to a DRM plane via kmssink. (No X or Wayland.)
GStreamer 1.18 works with the 5.9 kernel. It does not work with 5.10, because of numerous changes to the kernel headers in this version. In 5.11 the H.264 headers were moved into the uAPI; the master branch of GStreamer reflects this, but there haven't been any releases with these patches yet. It'll probably be in repositories with GStreamer 1.20; until then you can build it from source.
 
@Sash0k – patched libva-v4l2-request + VLC: This updates bootlin's libva-v4l2-request and follows the Sunxi wiki's instructions for enabling VLC to make use of it. It works on the desktop. This only works for H.264 and breaks HEVC. When I tried to replicate this approach on a recent Armbian build, I discovered that the h264.c files in the kernel (that libva-v4l2-request draws on) have changed considerably between 5.8 and 5.10, and I lack the understanding to reconcile libva-v4l2-request with them.
 
@ubobrov – old kernel + libcedrus + libvdpau-sunxi + ffmpeg + mpv: This approach, which supports encoding decoding of H.264 uses the libvdpau-sunxi API and ports the legacy driver to mainline as a loadable kernel module and if I understand it correctly, ubobrov ported a legacy feature to mainline. In the post quoted below the kernel is 4.20, but the same method has been successfully applied to 5.7.8 by another user. It requires that the board's device tree be patched, as documented in ubobrov's github repository.
 
 
The summary seems to be that none of the current implementations on Allwinner boards really play nice with X or desktop sessions, and it's best to output directly to the framebuffer. Kwiboo has forked FFmpeg and mpv to make good use of new and unstable kernel features/hardware acceleration which will take a while to make their way upstream. The recent 5.11 move of stateless H.264 out of staging and into the uAPI should facilitate further developments.
I intend to try some of these things in the nearer future. Thanks to everyone who works on mainlining all of this VPU stuff, and to users here who contribute solutions and readily & patiently answer questions (Jernej especially). I hope I didn't post any falsehoods out of ignorance, and welcome any corrections.
 
Other related threads here:
https://forum.armbian.com/topic/11551-4kp30-video-on-orange-pi-lite-and-mainline-hardware-acceleration/
https://forum.armbian.com/topic/16804-orange-pi-pc-h3-armbian-focal-5104-sunxi-av-tv-out-cvbs-enable/page/2/
https://forum.armbian.com/topic/11184-hardware-graphicvideo-acceleration-in-h3-mainline/
https://forum.armbian.com/topic/13622-mainline-vpu/

Not support yet
We also need some time to prepare and roll-over stuff to a new environment.
Also check https://github.com/armbian/build/issues/6527

@Tu Hu Until we do the verification, you can use my image. It was created in my version of the build system.
Armbian_23.10_Bananapim3_bookworm_edge_6.4.10_minimal.zip

Hi,
 
you can get an overview of your system's startup with:
# systemd-analyze blame or if you want to visualize it:
# systemd-analyze plot > startup.svg In case you run a headless server, you should transfer this file to your pc, otherwise just open it on your Opi.
 
Please be careful with disabling services you don't understand, make sure you have backups and read, read, read before doing anything.

Disabling EEE on my router settings solved the problem.
 
 
EDIT:
Is there an option to disable EEE directly from Armbain?

@bahtiyar57
 
 
_________________ FTDI232 BPI | _________________ | | 3.3v |_____ ____ UART GND o|---------------|o GND o| | || | | Linux TX o|---------------|o RX o| | USB|| |====USB cable===| console RX o|---------------|o TX o |____||____| | "minicom" _________________| |________5v______| o| 3.3v
o|
This is the jumper on the device.
I use this scheme. Everyone uses this scheme. It's safe.

The version of the package from Armbian is the release number. Judging by the screenshot you provided, it is 23.8.1.
The version of my package is 6.4.14-Armbian.23.10 that is, it will always be less than the Armbian.
It probably needs to be frozen from updates.
 
Try to check it out. Type:
sudo apt upade
sudo apt --list upgradable
 
P.S.I don't use their repository. I assemble all the packages and the image myself.

worked. Thank you.

@bahtiyar57 I am aware of this regression in the latest kernel changes for sunxi.
Try installing an older kernel using the armbian-config utility, for example:
for current - 5.15.93-sunxi
for edge - 6.1.11-sunxi
 
If you want to build the kernel yourself, write here.
I will provide you with the necessary changes for the A83T processor.

Try updating the kernel

You should be up-to-date regarding "current" branch. Since "edge" kernels are not available through this you can try building and installing those packages by yourself.
https://docs.armbian.com/Developer-Guide_Build-Preparation/
 
Anyway also an option is to try an older one, like 5.15.y and see if the issue disappears....

____ ____ _ __ __ _____ | __ )| _ \(_) | \/ |___ / | _ \| |_) | | | |\/| | |_ \ | |_) | __/| | | | | |___) | |____/|_| |_| |_| |_|____/ Welcome to Armbian 23.10 Bookworm with Linux 6.4.14 No end-user support: built from trunk & unsupported (bookworm) userspace! System load: 6% Up time: 3 min Memory usage: 5% of 1.96G IP: 192.168.100.101 CPU temp: 38°C Usage of /: 12% of 7.3G ========================================================================== leo@bananapim3:~$ armbianmonitor -m Two CPU clusters are available for monitoring Stop monitoring using [ctrl]-[c] Time CPU_cl0/CPU_cl1 load %cpu %sys %usr %nice %io %irq Tcpu C.St. 12:35:38 1344/1152 MHz 0.14 8% 1% 1% 0% 5% 0% 39.1 °C 0/5 12:35:43 1344/1344 MHz 0.13 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 38.7 °C 0/5 12:35:48 1344/ 768 MHz 0.12 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 39.5 °C 0/5 12:35:54 1152/1344 MHz 0.11 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 38.8 °C 0/5 12:35:59 1344/1152 MHz 0.10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 39.4 °C 0/5 12:36:04 1344/1152 MHz 0.09 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 39.7 °C 0/5 12:36:09 768/1344 MHz 0.08 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 39.7 °C 0/5 12:36:14 1152/1344 MHz 0.08 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 39.4 °C 0/5^C  
This is my last kernel build for this platform.
It shows the temperature correctly.
You can simply download and install this kernel at:
https://github.com/The-going/PKG_test/tree/master/linux-edge-sunxi-6.4.14
 
The *dtb*.deb package is not required.

wget https://github.com/The-going/PKG_test/raw/master/linux-edge-sunxi-6.4.14/linux-image-edge-sunxi_6.4.14-Armbian.23.10_armhf.deb  

#!/usr/bin/bash url="https://github.com/The-going/PKG_test/raw/master/linux-edge-sunxi-6.4.14/" pkg="linux-headers-edge-sunxi_6.4.14-Armbian.23.10_armhf.deb \ linux-libc-dev_6.4.14-Armbian.23.10_armhf.deb \ linux-image-edge-sunxi_6.4.14-Armbian.23.10_armhf.deb" for p in $pkg do wget ${url}${p} done create dl.sh in target dir
chmod +x dl.sh
./dl.sh
 
sudo dpkg -i linux-image-edge-sunxi_6.4.14-Armbian.23.10_armhf.deb