NicoD Posted September 21, 2019 Posted September 21, 2019 Hi all. For a new video I've made a list with my most used/useful terminal commands. Please let me know what I've missed, or which commands you use most. Useful Linux commands for Ubuntu/Debian --------------------------------------- Update/Install -------------- sudo apt update Update repolists sudo apt upgrade Upgrade system/programs sudo apt autoremove Remove obsolete programs sudo apt install programName Install program sudo apt remove programName Remove program sudo aptitude install When having issue's with apt, aptitude can help to solve this sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade Update and upgrade together/You can run multiple commands with && sudo dpkg -i packageName.deb Install .deb file Root user --------- sudo passwd Change root password su Super User/Enter root user Debug/Monitor ------------- dmesg Shows debug messages uname -a Shows basic system information env Shows the environment information htop Hardware monitor Switch terminal --------------- ctrl + ALT + F4 (F1 - F6) Open new terminal 4 ctrl + ALT + F1 Go back to terminal 1 ctrl + ALT + F7 Go back to desktop Reboot/Shutdown --------------- sudo reboot Reboot sudo shutdown now Shutdown CPU Tools --------- cpufreq-set -g performance Set governor to performance cpufreq-set -u 2Ghz Set max frequency for all cores cpufreq-set -c 0-1 -u 1.8Ghz Set max frequency for specific cores lscpu | grep MHz Show cpu frequency taskset -c 3 programName Use a specific core for an application Files/Directories ----------------- nano /home/fileToRemove.txt Create a txt file with Nano. You could use any other texteditor. touch filename Create an empty file, no matter what kind cat /home/fileToRemove.txt Shows the content of a file cp /home/fileToRemove.txt /home/copy.txt Copy file find /home/ -iname "*.txt" Search files that end with .txt comm /home/fileToRemove.txt /home/copy.txt Compare files rm /home/fileToRemove.txt Remove file mv /home/copy.txt ~/Documents/ Move file mkdir /home/directoryToGoTo/ Create directory cd /home/directoryToGoTo/ Go to directory ls List directory ls -l Gives more information about every file/directory ls -l filename.txt Gives file information pwd Show current working directory cd .. Go to the above directory rmdir /home/directoryToGoTo/ Remove directory wget http://www.website.com/file.txt Download file Zip/Tar/GunZip -------------- zip myzip file1 file2 file3 Create zip file unzip myzip.zip Unzip file tar xvf filename.tar gunzip filename_tar.gz Mount drives/USB Devices ------------ lsusb List USB devices lsblb List attached drives mount /mount/mountedDisk /dev/sda2 Mount drive sudo chmod -R 777 /mount/mountedDisk Give user read/write permissions df -a List all filesystems Swap file/ZRam -------------- sudo apt install zram-config Install zram script sudo fallocate -l 8G /swapfile Allocate 8GB for swapfile sudo chmod 600 /swapfile Give the correct rights for the swapfile sudo mkswap /swapfile Make it a swapfile sudo swapon /swapfile Turn on the swapfile sudo nano /etc/fstab Open fstab and add the line ... |_ /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 Wifi ---- sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces and write: auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-ssid {ssid} wpa-psk {password} OR nmcli device wifi rescan Scan for available wifi networks nmcli device wifi list Show available wifi networks nmcli device wifi connect SSID-Name password wireless-password Connect wifi ip a Show ip ifconfig iwconfig Change Keyboard Layout ---------------------- sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration Set keyboard layout Add display resolution ---------------------- cvt 2560 1440 60 Select the display resolution you want # 2560x1440 59.96 Hz (CVT 3.69M9) hsync: 89.52 kHz; pclk: 312.25 MHz Modeline "2560x1440_60.00" 312.25 2560 2752 3024 3488 1440 1443 1448 1493 -hsync +vsync xrandr --newmode "2560x1440_60.00" 312.25 2560 2752 3024 3488 1440 1443 1448 1493 -hsync +vsync Add resolution, everything after Modeline from cvt is copied after newmode xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 2560x1440_60.00 Add the new resolution to your display xrandr --newmode "2560x1440_60.00" 312.25 2560 2752 3024 3488 1440 1443 1448 1493 -hsync +vsync && xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 2560x1440_60.00 Others ------ reset Clear terminal shift + page up Scroll up shift + page down Scroll down tab Autocomplete ctrl + c Quit for many programs date Show date/time cal Show calender Funny commands -------------- sl First need to install "sudo apt install sl", then try it out. It's great :) sl -alF cmatrix fortune/fortune-mod cowsay figlet toilet ponysay inxi cat /dev/urandom :(){ :|:& };: Endless loop (useful to test CPU maximized temperatures) Armbian ------- sudo armbianmonitor -m sudo armbian-config change cpu settings sudo nano /etc/default/cpufrequtils Made by NicoD 3
Tido Posted September 22, 2019 Posted September 22, 2019 Pimp your bash. To be fair I copied some from the link at the bottom: A few commands are needed quite often and to reduce typing a little bit, voila: To create the file nano ~/.bash_aliases ############################ # my personal Aliases list # ############################ # to create the file nano ~/.bash_aliases # **** DIRECTORY LISTING in human-readable units **** alias ll="ls -lhAF" alias ..="cd .." alias ...="cd ../../../" alias back="cd $OLDPWD" alias lsmount="mount |column -t" # * Disk Space Usage in human-readable units, including filesystem type * alias dfh="df -Tha --total" alias df="df -h --exclude=squashfs" # * ALL files in a directory listed, according their size * alias du="du -ach | sort -h" # * listing process table in detail * alias psa="ps auxf" alias dmesg="dmesg --human" # * How to really CLEAR the terminal * alias clr='printf "\033c"' alias h="history" # reload bash config alias reload="source ~/.bashrc" Now execute . ~/.bashrc in your terminal (there should be a space between the . and ~/.bashrc ) https://pastebin.com/kzPjE8y4 | http://smlr.us/ 1
NicoD Posted September 23, 2019 Author Posted September 23, 2019 Here's the first video. Update/Upgrade/Install software. Change passwords/enter root account. Some debug tools. How to switch terminals, and how to reboot and shutdown the system.
qstaq Posted September 23, 2019 Posted September 23, 2019 Looks good! Only thing missing for my linux noobs is a simple tar overview for extracting and creating archives and a simple grep overview Can I win the hat this time please? 1
NicoD Posted September 23, 2019 Author Posted September 23, 2019 37 minutes ago, qstaq said: Looks good! Only thing missing for my linux noobs is a simple tar overview for extracting and creating archives and a simple grep overview Thank you. That's indeed missing. I'll add it for the next video. 38 minutes ago, qstaq said: Can I win the hat this time please? I still haven't found a hat sponsor. Sorry
NicoD Posted September 29, 2019 Author Posted September 29, 2019 Here is part 2 of my most used Linux commands. Greetings.
lxde-OSIREN Posted September 29, 2019 Posted September 29, 2019 same commands I usually use, except mostly for installs if the package doesn't exist I use : apt-get install appname.deb -f
gleam Posted December 19, 2019 Posted December 19, 2019 AFAIK i really use often commands with systemctl and pure ip. Both are very useful. Especially "ip"for all problems with net. systemD is worth to learn about Ciao
Igor Posted December 19, 2019 Posted December 19, 2019 This website might be useful in this context: https://linuxjourney.com/ 4
gleam Posted December 20, 2019 Posted December 20, 2019 As having to get along with old alcatel and debian I come along with this script for DHCP is crap. ip link set dev enp4s0 down ip addr del 169.254.7.102/16 dev enp4s0 ip addr add dev enp4s0 local 10.0.1.1/24 broadcast 10.0.0.31 ip link set dev enp4s0 up For the other netcard I have to add ip route add default dev enp4s6 src 10.0.0.7 via 10.0.0.138 now everthing works fine here. Never use alcatel!
gleam Posted December 21, 2019 Posted December 21, 2019 sudo reboot Reboot try systemctl reboot sudo shutdown now Shutdown try systemctl poweroff systemctl restart gpm often needed with debian - " - start, stop, .... program instead of /etc/init.d/program startm restart, stop journalctl -b -p err Bootmeldungen, dazu nur die Fehlermeldungen wasaschaßis, weil da haddascho gestiefelt --since-yesterday journalctl --since=2012-10-15 --until="2011-10-16 23:59:59" journalctl -u httpd --since=00:00 --until=9:30 journalctl /dev/sdc journalctl /usr/sbin/vpnc journalctl -o verbose -n journalctl -xe journalctl -b > /0/jounalctl-ge4-ox.txt journalctl -b > /7/journalctl_gd3_.txt systemctl status tahoe-lafs.service systemctl -t service systemd-cgls | less? systemctl -a systemctl list-unit-files | less systemctl -r systemctl --failed systemctl --now systemctl --message=ciao --halt systemctl poweroff never --force systemctl start sshd systemctl status /dev/sda = systemctl status dev-sda.device systemctl status /home = systemctl status home.mount systemctl stop sshd@*.service systemctl kill crond.service systemctl stop sshd systemctl kill crond.service better than killall -9 or kill systemctl enable example1 systemctl disable example1 systemctl disable ntpd.service ' systemctl stop ntpd.service systemctl link /path/to/foo.service systemctl status networking.service systemctl list-units 'systemctl status bluetooth.service' and 'journalctl -xn' ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/ntpd.service systemctl daemon-reload BUT systemd-analyze plot > /tmp/plot.svg fascinating! 1
gleam Posted December 25, 2019 Posted December 25, 2019 On 12/19/2019 at 5:15 AM, gleam said: AFAIK i really use often commands with systemctl and pure ip. Both are very useful. Especially "ip"for all problems with net. systemD is worth to learn about Ciao Well I looked at https://linuxjourney.com/ carefully but by lack of all systemD commands it might be a little bit outdated, Routing is not worth to be mentioned as IPv6 never ist mentioned
gleam Posted December 25, 2019 Posted December 25, 2019 Well I looked at https://linuxjourney.com/ carefully but by lack of all systemD commands it might be a little bit outdated, Routing is not worth to be mentioned as IPv6 never ist mentioned
gleam Posted December 25, 2019 Posted December 25, 2019 If there are owners of ODROID maybe someone woult like to give "nmon" a chance
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