Jens Bauer
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Jens Bauer reacted to martinayotte in EspressoBin: Possible bug in boot.cmd
Looking at my OPiOne+, it has different addresses for "script_addr" and "load_addr" and during u-boot init it shows :
## Executing script at 4fc00000 ... ## Executing script at 44000000 EDIT : ... and here is what is shown for OrangePi-RK3399 :
## Executing script at 00500000 ... ## Executing script at 09000000
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Jens Bauer reacted to martinayotte in EspressoBin: Possible bug in boot.cmd
That is maybe specific to EspressoBin, because on my Rockchip and Allwinner boards, it is as the following :
if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum} ${prefix}armbianEnv.txt; then load ${devtype} ${devnum} ${load_addr} ${prefix}armbianEnv.txt env import -t ${load_addr} ${filesize} fi Where "load_addr" varies depend of the SoC ...
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Jens Bauer reacted to lanefu in EspressoBin: Possible bug in boot.cmd
interesting find. please investigate if you're able
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Jens Bauer got a reaction from lanefu in EspressoBin: Possible bug in boot.cmd
I just came across this line:
-Is this correct ?
scriptaddr is where the boot.scr is loaded, as far as I understand, it overwrites itself by loading armbianEnv.txt to the same address.
So wouldn't it be better to load armbianEnv.txt to kernel_addr, initrd_addr or fdt_addr, since armbianEnv.txt is only used for a short time ?
I have not tried making an armbianEnv.txt, which is larger than boot.scr, but it looks like it would stop the board from booting if it's just long enough to overwrite the 'env import' line.
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Jens Bauer got a reaction from lanefu in EspressoBIN - Bionic feedback
After running Bionic for quite a while, I decided to move on to Focal.
Focal's RESET (reboot command) seem to be very robust, it has not failed me at all.
So I bet the problem no longer exists with Focal and would like to recommend upgrading.
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Jens Bauer reacted to Werner in Espressobin, Focal: Crashes with 1TB 2.5 inch WD Blue drives
That could be an issue. This kind of upgrade is neither tested nor supported. If you have a chance try with a fresh image.
And always handy to have: armbianmonitor -u
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Jens Bauer reacted to Technicavolous in PROVE your power
As in this Armbian forum I am regularly diagnosing power issues. I've answered with this info on a few different posts over the years but I wanted this in one place so my students and the Armbian forum could discuss it.
You will read over and over the importance of good power, both in the supply, the cables, and the connection. Anything that causes the voltage to drop below each boards threshold will cause problems that seem to have no explanation. The board may run and appear to be 'working' but operations that draw more power may fail and let the processor continue running. You might think a fully functional board has software failures. It's hair pulling, especially for those uneducated in power issues.
Without attempting to teach a power class I've come up with some tools that can 'prove' weather the power supply and cables can deliver the power you expect. There's deep math and science to all of it, but what we really need is to be able to 'trust' our power. These tools can help us 'prove' our power is at least staying above the levels we expect.
When there are so many variables in a situation we have to eliminate things to narrow down the problem. Since power is frequently the problem and fairly easy to prove, it's smart to start there. But how? We use our tools to test what we need to eliminate.
We used to use banks of resistors and separate power and current meters to measure power draw and voltage drop, but these days there are inexpensive tools called DC Electronic Loads that do this for us. I've purchased numerous versions and models, and they've all been good at what they are designed for yet lacking in some other things. A trade off of quality for expense, but good enough really is good enough.
Basically they have a transistor and a very low value resistor across the output and your power supply is pulsed with a PWM across that transistor. The width of the pulse determines the current draw on your power supply, effectively 'simulating' power draw from your device while displaying the voltage at the point of the load and the draw current. You simply attach your power supply and increase the load until the voltage drops below the supply's rating. If the voltage stays above its voltage rating at its rated current, it passes. If not, it fails. Almost as simple as that.
I usually let the thing run for a while and check for heating, voltage drop over time and shutdown. Sometimes failure comes with heat.
If you have a 5v power supply that's rated at 4 amps, and your load reports 4.9v at 4A draw, your supply has failed.
The image below shows a successful test of a popular power supply, the Meanwell RD65A., a dual voltage supply rated for 3A at 12v, and 6A at 5v. As you can see in the photos the voltage stays above its rating at the rated current. This particular photo was taken after approximately 40 minutes running at full load, which is highly inadvisable for this kind of power supply. Usually one would never run over 80% load continuously, but hey, this was a burn test. The only thing that failed here was the load, as the fan sensors on these particular models are somewhat flawed and overheat at less than their rating and shut down. Both the load and supply were run to their limits and we 'proved' this is a viable supply for our purposes.
Here is an ebay search in the US that has similar inexpensive loads -
https://www.ebay.com/sch/sis.html?_id=172461371107&_nkw=Constant+Current+Electronic+Load+9.99A+60W+1-30V+Battery+Capacity+Tester%23S
and Amazon -
https://www.amazon.com/s?k=DC+Electronic+Load+Tester&ref=nb_sb_noss
They can be inexpensive and the fancy high power ones can be quite expensive ... find one that suits your needs.
With another voltmeter you can check the drop in your cables. Set up the load to draw what you think is appropriate, note the voltage at the load. Then using the voltmeter measure the voltage at the power supply. Note the difference between the voltage at the supply and the voltage at the load. Viola, there's your drop. Is it good enough to run your board?
Most 5v boards complain at 5v. They want above 5v, like 5.1.
This is only a basic test, you can go a lot further but this will definitely prove your supply or fail it. If you really get into testing get some inline current measuring tools so you can see what your board is actually drawing. Most voltmeters have inline current meters and many are quite accurate and detailed. Watching the current draw on your board as you perform various operations can tell you if you have a hardware problem; if it draws more than the manufacturer specifies then there may well be a hardware issue.
I hope this motivates someone to go farther with testing and proving their power.
Board: Not on the list -
Jens Bauer got a reaction from abreyu in Banana Pi M4
Fairly understandable.
Cortex-A73 is by design (eg. ARM) using lower power and produces lower heat than Cortex-A72.
Cortex-A75 even lower power and quicker than Cortex-A73.
-So it will likely pay to choose the latter implementation over the former, even if the price of the CPU is higher.
For build-farms and quick data-processing, it's interesting having high-speed CPU cores and high speed network (this can be spread out on several GbE ports or just a single 10GbE port). 2GB or 4GB LPDDR4 would also be attractive for this kind of configuration. Native 6G SATA would be a huge advantage here as well.
For storage (eg. NAS), one could likely go with the old Cortex-A7, native 6G SATA support and 1GB to 2GB RAM (still 4GB will be interesting when you're using RAID configurations a'la FreeNAS, where each 1TB storage space requires 1GB RAM). Again as many (independent, full speed) GbE ports will be attractive for this configuration.
If the CPU you choose have PCIe, you can basically do anything you want; just please don't waste the PCIe on USB3. Adding PCIe switches would be interesting too.
As I've mentioned earlier, it's not easy to find an affordable board that has both native 6G SATA, GbE network and PCIe. I picked the EspressoBIN due to the low price and that it "technically" would cover my needs, but I've had many problems with it for several years. It still has problems when I make software-reboots (sometimes hangs), so that's a board I will not recommend. Some boards also have problems with the RAM being affected by EMI due to bad board design. The EspressoBIN was an empty promise; it can't be used as a router/firewall unless you add an external USB3-to-Ethernet adapter. The speed on the 3 ports is limited to 1Gbit for all three [eg. they share 1Gbps!], so I fail to see why they even bothered making the board more expensive by adding the Topaz switch.
(Perhaps so that other board designers, such as you, can learn from their mistakes?)
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Jens Bauer got a reaction from Lion Wang in Banana Pi M4
Fairly understandable.
Cortex-A73 is by design (eg. ARM) using lower power and produces lower heat than Cortex-A72.
Cortex-A75 even lower power and quicker than Cortex-A73.
-So it will likely pay to choose the latter implementation over the former, even if the price of the CPU is higher.
For build-farms and quick data-processing, it's interesting having high-speed CPU cores and high speed network (this can be spread out on several GbE ports or just a single 10GbE port). 2GB or 4GB LPDDR4 would also be attractive for this kind of configuration. Native 6G SATA would be a huge advantage here as well.
For storage (eg. NAS), one could likely go with the old Cortex-A7, native 6G SATA support and 1GB to 2GB RAM (still 4GB will be interesting when you're using RAID configurations a'la FreeNAS, where each 1TB storage space requires 1GB RAM). Again as many (independent, full speed) GbE ports will be attractive for this configuration.
If the CPU you choose have PCIe, you can basically do anything you want; just please don't waste the PCIe on USB3. Adding PCIe switches would be interesting too.
As I've mentioned earlier, it's not easy to find an affordable board that has both native 6G SATA, GbE network and PCIe. I picked the EspressoBIN due to the low price and that it "technically" would cover my needs, but I've had many problems with it for several years. It still has problems when I make software-reboots (sometimes hangs), so that's a board I will not recommend. Some boards also have problems with the RAM being affected by EMI due to bad board design. The EspressoBIN was an empty promise; it can't be used as a router/firewall unless you add an external USB3-to-Ethernet adapter. The speed on the 3 ports is limited to 1Gbit for all three [eg. they share 1Gbps!], so I fail to see why they even bothered making the board more expensive by adding the Topaz switch.
(Perhaps so that other board designers, such as you, can learn from their mistakes?)
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Jens Bauer reacted to Nora Lee in Banana Pi M4
We have concern RK3399 overheat issue, we'll evaluate cortex a72 for next project.
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Jens Bauer reacted to Nora Lee in Banana Pi M4
ROCKPro64 price$127.49 by https://es.aliexpress.com/item/32907755229.html, we'll check whether above price is acceptable for our current developers or customers.
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Jens Bauer reacted to sfx2000 in SBC recommendations for a wireless router
One of the better SoC's for comms processing that is affordable is the Armada 8xxx series - I know of several folks that have converted Machiatto-Bin boards for ARM development workstations.
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Jens Bauer reacted to sfx2000 in Raspberry Pi 4 Released - From $35 USD
Interesting - some casual benchmarking of Pi4 vs Pi3...
For virtualization - the new Broadcom SoC is a good step forward for the Pi Folks...
A lot of this comes from how the new chip does interrupt handling.
https://blog.cloudkernels.net/posts/rpi4-64bit-virt/
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Jens Bauer reacted to ebin-dev in espressobin all boards and all nics have the same mac address
@Jens Bauer @ManoftheSea @anubisg1
The MAC address of the bridge can be specified in 10-br0.netdev. This works without any issues in Stretch and in Buster (at least on a V5_0_1 EspressoBin). If you have problems with Ubuntu Bionic, then their implementation of systemd-networkd may be the reason.
# cat 10-br0.netdev [NetDev] Name=br0 Kind=bridge MACAddress=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX # networkctl IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP 1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged 2 eth0 ether degraded configured 3 wan dsa degraded configured 4 lan0 dsa no-carrier configuring 5 lan1 dsa no-carrier configuring 6 br0 bridge routable configured _____ _ _ | ____|___ _ __ _ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ | |__ (_)_ __ | _| / __| '_ \| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|/ _ \| '_ \| | '_ \ | |___\__ \ |_) | | | __/\__ \__ \ (_) | |_) | | | | | |_____|___/ .__/|_| \___||___/___/\___/|_.__/|_|_| |_| |_| Welcome to Debian Buster with Armbian Linux 4.19.57-mvebu64 System load: 0.15 0.13 0.11 Up time: 17:54 hours Memory usage: 37 % of 990MB Zram usage: 36 % of 495Mb Usage of /: 18% of 908G
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Jens Bauer reacted to ebin-dev in espressobin hang after one day
@Fan KunPeng Are you using the latest boot loader ?
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Jens Bauer reacted to Stuart Naylor in Software RAID testing Rockpi4 Marvell 4 port sata
They do those miner cards full size pcie to full size pcie but just a single lane over that usb cable which is prob as good as any for that purpose of a single lane.
But yeah the fan out is via a pcie packet switch but x1 to 3x x1
PCIex4 to 2x x2 is my grail quest but you can get packet switches with 4 endpoints that can take any combination of x2, x1 and when the lanes are used they are used.
So x2 & 2x x1 or 2x x2 or 4x x1 are all valid and would give a hell of a lot of modular flexibility.
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Jens Bauer reacted to Fan KunPeng in espressobin hang after one day
stable after I changed cpu scale
cpufreq-set -g performance
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Jens Bauer reacted to Stuart Naylor in Software RAID testing Rockpi4 Marvell 4 port sata
Nope without a packet switch a single endpoint steals all lanes even if not used on that root complex.
Yeah those 5bay can be got for about £15 and are pretty much all you need.
Dunno about your prices though I just got my Pi4 from piminori in the UK £49.65 GBP deliverd for the 2gb.
The rockpro64 2gb is $59.99 but you will have to add delivery and tax but doubt you will get 2 pis for that?
Dunno with the typeC https://wiki.pine64.org/index.php/ROCKPro64_Main_Page#Expansion_Ports you will prob have to research.
Didn't really spend much time with mine as I say, sort of lost interest at that time.
I think all the rk3399 boards have 2x usb 3.0 2x usb 2.0 with also pcie 2.1 x4 on most.
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Jens Bauer reacted to Stuart Naylor in Software RAID testing Rockpi4 Marvell 4 port sata
I am not really a fan of the port multipliers, they are slightly Mickey Mouse and prob fan-out to too many devices
But they are really cheap, but still to find a glowing review.
If you are going jbod or whatever form of linear aggregation then with slower drives as Sata1 is 150MBs and maybe don't use the 5th port as it don't compute.
That could be a whopping 16 drives from a Marvel 9235 pcie3.0 4 port!
The Marvel 9235 actually came with 4x Sata cable but to keep things low profile I wanted to use the right angle side on-board.
Strangely the ones supplied are the DVD type so point in on each other if you try and strangely enough Kenable did come to the rescue with x4 black 6gbs good quality and prob still cheapest.
I am really digging the the RockPi4 because of its form factor, but also the implementation of USB-C PD as sod those little wall chargers I have a 60watt 12v CCTV type 5.5mm barrel connector and a USB-C adapter.
There is an absolute plethora of 5.5mm barrel connectors and splutters and they are a much better power connector but also it gives me a 12 rail.
I have one of those 5 to 4 pin molex daisy chain sata power cables you often see and the 4 pin molex is snipped off as it uses a 5.5mm barrel with terminal for the 2 12v wires and there is a tiny fixed voltage 3.0 amp buck for the 5V.
I really like that arrangement as it takes no GPIO and also power draw is isolated from the board as separate rails.
There are a lot of RK3399 alternatives that prob all benefit from that Google / Rockchip partnership, that as a package I have started to quite appreciate.
I didn't at first had the Pine Rockpro64 after a long trial of Pi alternatives when it was an early arrival I had a tantrum about custom images and kernels where nothing works and got rid.
I have been wishing for a long while being English that Raspberry would up the ante and set a new precident for the application SoC but with the arrival of the Pi4 I have given up on that ever happening.
Because they are so cheap 3.5" 5 bay drive cage I can fit x4 3.5" and also 3.5" 1tb are much easier to source 2nd user at approx £10-15 +p&p.
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Jens Bauer reacted to Stuart Naylor in Software RAID testing Rockpi4 Marvell 4 port sata
Cheers Jens .
The rk3399 is pcie2.1x4 the Marvel 9235 is x2 so 2 lanes and can not find a x4 card in m.2, presume there is the silicon but doesn't seem to be available.
This was just a suck and see as was expecting to max out the rk3399 & Marvel 9235 but prob could cope with a faster SSD array.
I am not going to use SSD but it gives me a datum on bandwidth available and if RAID prob would use RAID 10.
But guess its what you are going to do as many may just want a media store and redundancy might not even be key.
The rk3399 with straight Samba and gain no optimisation is providing > 100MBs ethernet approx 110MBS seems the normal steady max which is prob near best 1gbe will do.
I haven't got a switch that can do lacp, but sort of pointless as generally somewhere there will be a 1gbe bottleneck somewhere, but for curiosity I was wondering about using the USB3.0 for ethernet aggregation.
There are some tricks with cpu affinity, I could try clocking the rk3399 nearer to 2.ghz/1.6ghz big/little again for curiosity as it is, its more than enough for 1gbe.
ZFS seems to be getting quite popular might also give it a go, loving OpenMediaVault such an excellent NAS and really a full blown micro server with the plugins it has.
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Jens Bauer reacted to Stuart Naylor in Software RAID testing Rockpi4 Marvell 4 port sata
Hi I am just doing some tests on a rockpi4b-2gb with a marvell 9235 sata controller and 4x Integral p5 120gb ssds.
Purely out of interest as was expecting the card to bottleneck, but generally thought push it to the max and see how things go.
I am just running on the default Radxa Debian-stretch-4.4 using mdadm for a start.
Looking for benchmark mark tips & tricks and what I should be outputting, so we can have a look for curiosity sake.
Currently syncing a Raid10
rock@rockpi4:~$ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid0] [raid10] md0 : active raid10 sdd[3] sdc[2] sdb[1] sda[0] 234309632 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU] [===========>.........] resync = 55.4% (129931520/234309632) finish=8.5min speed=202624K/sec bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.172062] md0: detected capacity change from 479866126336 to 0 Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.172628] md: md0 stopped. Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.173397] md: unbind<sda> Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.190852] md: export_rdev(sda) Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.191282] md: unbind<sdd> Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.206849] md: export_rdev(sdd) Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.207325] md: unbind<sdb> Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 udisksd[565]: Unable to resolve /sys/devices/virtual/block/md0/md/dev-sdb/block symlink Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.239056] md: export_rdev(sdb) Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.239439] md: unbind<sdc> Jul 4 13:46:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 75.254837] md: export_rdev(sdc) Jul 4 13:47:12 rockpi4 kernel: [ 102.258308] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 13:47:12 rockpi4 kernel: [ 102.288150] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.300017] md: bind<sda> Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.308923] md: bind<sdb> Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.319055] md: bind<sdc> Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.320188] md: bind<sdd> Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.326830] md/raid0:md0: md_size is 937238528 sectors. Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.327314] md: RAID0 configuration for md0 - 1 zone Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.327759] md: zone0=[sda/sdb/sdc/sdd] Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.328165] zone-offset= 0KB, device-offset= 0KB, size= 468619264KB Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.328937] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.329369] Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 kernel: [ 159.330145] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 479866126336 Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 udisksd[565]: Error creating watch for file /sys/devices/virtual/block/md0/md/sync_action: No such file or directory (g-file-error-quark, 4) Jul 4 13:48:09 rockpi4 udisksd[565]: Error creating watch for file /sys/devices/virtual/block/md0/md/degraded: No such file or directory (g-file-error-quark, 4) Jul 4 13:49:40 rockpi4 kernel: [ 250.355809] EXT4-fs (md0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) Jul 4 13:55:31 rockpi4 kernel: [ 601.335494] panel disable Jul 4 14:02:26 rockpi4 anacron[1047]: Anacron 2.3 started on 2019-07-04 Jul 4 14:02:26 rockpi4 anacron[1047]: Normal exit (0 jobs run) Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.309314] md0: detected capacity change from 479866126336 to 0 Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.309886] md: md0 stopped. Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.310176] md: unbind<sdd> Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.327147] md: export_rdev(sdd) Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.327821] md: unbind<sdc> Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.350959] md: export_rdev(sdc) Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.351512] md: unbind<sdb> Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 udisksd[565]: Unable to resolve /sys/devices/virtual/block/md0/md/dev-sdb/block symlink Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.366971] md: export_rdev(sdb) Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.367513] md: unbind<sda> Jul 4 14:02:59 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1049.383124] md: export_rdev(sda) Jul 4 14:03:21 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1071.066678] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 14:03:21 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1071.092394] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.551804] md: bind<sda> Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.552267] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.552547] md: bind<sdb> Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.553780] md: bind<sdc> Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.554266] md: bind<sdd> Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.570556] md: raid10 personality registered for level 10 Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.573138] md/raid10:md0: not clean -- starting background reconstruction Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.573765] md/raid10:md0: active with 4 out of 4 devices Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.575635] created bitmap (2 pages) for device md0 Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.578102] md0: bitmap initialized from disk: read 1 pages, set 3576 of 3576 bits Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.581797] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 239933063168 Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.583297] md: md0 switched to read-write mode. Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.588652] md: resync of RAID array md0 Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.589019] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk. Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.589541] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for resync. Jul 4 14:05:23 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1193.590381] md: using 128k window, over a total of 234309632k. Jul 4 14:25:02 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2372.292473] md: md0: resync done. Jul 4 14:25:02 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2372.452970] RAID10 conf printout: Jul 4 14:25:02 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2372.452989] --- wd:4 rd:4 Jul 4 14:25:02 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2372.452998] disk 0, wo:0, o:1, dev:sda Jul 4 14:25:02 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2372.453005] disk 1, wo:0, o:1, dev:sdb Jul 4 14:25:02 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2372.453012] disk 2, wo:0, o:1, dev:sdc Jul 4 14:25:02 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2372.453019] disk 3, wo:0, o:1, dev:sdd Jul 4 14:30:45 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2715.470782] EXT4-fs (md0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 20355 28533 43513 44568 22556 28612 102400 16 60835 71891 111520 107540 66074 71640 102400 512 149988 129385 253123 263113 211684 131649 102400 1024 161360 164943 274007 275765 253893 165764 102400 16384 181646 182851 338294 347395 342601 176768
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RAID5
rock@rockpi4:~$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K mdadm: /dev/sdc appears to be part of a raid array: level=raid0 devices=0 ctime=Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdc but will be lost or meaningless after creating array mdadm: size set to 117154816K mdadm: automatically enabling write-intent bitmap on large array Continue creating array? y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. rock@rockpi4:~$ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sdd[4] sdc[2] sdb[1] sda[0] 351464448 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] [>....................] recovery = 1.6% (1898560/117154816) finish=19.2min speed=99924K/sec bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.913061] md: bind<sda> Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.913784] md: bind<sdb> Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.914381] md: bind<sdc> Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.914971] md: bind<sdd> Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.920396] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.929530] async_tx: api initialized (async) Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.952339] md: raid6 personality registered for level 6 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.952833] md: raid5 personality registered for level 5 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.953316] md: raid4 personality registered for level 4 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.959926] md/raid:md0: device sdc operational as raid disk 2 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.960484] md/raid:md0: device sdb operational as raid disk 1 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.961025] md/raid:md0: device sda operational as raid disk 0 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.962943] md/raid:md0: allocated 4384kB Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.964488] md/raid:md0: raid level 5 active with 3 out of 4 devices, algorithm 2 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.965161] RAID conf printout: Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.965169] --- level:5 rd:4 wd:3 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.965177] disk 0, o:1, dev:sda Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.965183] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdb Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.965188] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdc Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.965603] created bitmap (1 pages) for device md0 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.966746] md0: bitmap initialized from disk: read 1 pages, set 1788 of 1788 bits Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.968765] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 359899594752 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.969465] md: md0 switched to read-write mode. Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.969930] RAID conf printout: Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.969951] --- level:5 rd:4 wd:3 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.969968] disk 0, o:1, dev:sda Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.969984] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdb Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.969997] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdc Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.970009] disk 3, o:1, dev:sdd Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.980149] md: recovery of RAID array md0 Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.980523] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk. Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.981044] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for recovery. Jul 4 14:49:52 rockpi4 kernel: [ 491.981894] md: using 128k window, over a total of 117154816k. Jul 4 14:51:41 rockpi4 kernel: [ 601.050246] panel disable Jul 4 15:00:30 rockpi4 anacron[1052]: Anacron 2.3 started on 2019-07-04 Jul 4 15:00:30 rockpi4 anacron[1052]: Normal exit (0 jobs run) Jul 4 15:05:53 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1453.287257] md: md0: recovery done. Jul 4 15:05:53 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1453.567652] RAID conf printout: Jul 4 15:05:53 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1453.567661] --- level:5 rd:4 wd:4 Jul 4 15:05:53 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1453.567666] disk 0, o:1, dev:sda Jul 4 15:05:53 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1453.567670] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdb Jul 4 15:05:53 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1453.567674] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdc Jul 4 15:05:53 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1453.567677] disk 3, o:1, dev:sdd Jul 4 15:07:07 rockpi4 kernel: [ 1527.108599] EXT4-fs (md0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 8159 8947 43789 42643 24543 10212 102400 16 33078 40985 98244 98407 70763 41851 102400 512 52870 53418 212184 202157 203772 50657 102400 1024 66426 69555 250660 250200 249607 69539 102400 16384 108537 112300 326090 324173 320777 106363 **********************************************************************************************************************************
RAID1
rock@rockpi4:~$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda /dev/sdb mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 mdadm: size set to 117155264K mdadm: automatically enabling write-intent bitmap on large array Continue creating array? y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. rock@rockpi4:~$ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb[1] sda[0] 117155264 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] [>....................] resync = 2.3% (2801408/117155264) finish=8.8min speed=215492K/sec bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk unused devices: <none> Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.757953] md: bind<sda> Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.759742] md: bind<sdb> Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.772561] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1 Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.783910] md/raid1:md0: not clean -- starting background reconstruction Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.784534] md/raid1:md0: active with 2 out of 2 mirrors Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.785261] created bitmap (1 pages) for device md0 Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.787956] md0: bitmap initialized from disk: read 1 pages, set 1788 of 1788 bits Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.790798] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 119966990336 Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.791556] md: md0 switched to read-write mode. Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.794162] md: resync of RAID array md0 Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.794546] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk. Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.795124] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for resync. Jul 4 15:20:25 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2324.795964] md: using 128k window, over a total of 117155264k. Jul 4 15:30:14 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2913.737079] md: md0: resync done. Jul 4 15:30:14 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2913.745998] RAID1 conf printout: Jul 4 15:30:14 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2913.746016] --- wd:2 rd:2 Jul 4 15:30:14 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2913.746027] disk 0, wo:0, o:1, dev:sda Jul 4 15:30:14 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2913.746035] disk 1, wo:0, o:1, dev:sdb Jul 4 15:31:19 rockpi4 kernel: [ 2978.675630] EXT4-fs (md0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 24759 31559 39765 41196 25476 30710 102400 16 62662 73245 124756 125744 62209 72778 102400 512 139397 160038 260433 261606 218154 147652 102400 1024 165815 155189 258119 261744 232643 164702 102400 16384 172905 186702 318211 322998 321997 170680 ******************************************************************************8
RAID0
rock@rockpi4:~$ sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K mdadm: /dev/sdc appears to be part of a raid array: level=raid0 devices=0 ctime=Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdc but will be lost or meaningless after creating array Continue creating array? y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. rock@rockpi4:~$ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] [raid0] md0 : active raid0 sdd[3] sdc[2] sdb[1] sda[0] 468619264 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks unused devices: <none> Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.084442] md: bind<sda> Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.085523] md: bind<sdb> Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.086511] md: bind<sdc> Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.087930] md: bind<sdd> Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.101830] md: raid0 personality registered for level 0 Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.101836] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.107953] md/raid0:md0: md_size is 937238528 sectors. Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.108427] md: RAID0 configuration for md0 - 1 zone Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.108866] md: zone0=[sda/sdb/sdc/sdd] Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.109261] zone-offset= 0KB, device-offset= 0KB, size= 468619264KB Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.109973] Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3415.110235] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 479866126336 Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 udisksd[572]: Error creating watch for file /sys/devices/virtual/block/md0/md/sync_action: No such file or directory (g-file-error-quark, 4) Jul 4 15:38:35 rockpi4 udisksd[572]: Error creating watch for file /sys/devices/virtual/block/md0/md/degraded: No such file or directory (g-file-error-quark, 4) Jul 4 15:41:08 rockpi4 kernel: [ 3568.278677] EXT4-fs (md0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 31874 42784 44859 48796 26191 42465 102400 16 89104 112188 110570 114486 77652 111816 102400 512 248787 259180 258800 270097 227197 229707 102400 1024 309271 324243 293455 293122 268819 286143 102400 16384 373574 382208 324869 326204 326070 380622 Concurrent single disks
Command line used: iozone -l 4 -u 4 -r 16k -s 512M -F /home/rock/sda/tmp1 /home/rock/sdb/tmp2 /home/rock/sdc/tmp3 /home/rock/sdd/tmp4 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. Min process = 4 Max process = 4 Throughput test with 4 processes Each process writes a 524288 kByte file in 16 kByte records Children see throughput for 4 initial writers = 468982.85 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 initial writers = 391562.16 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 115979.48 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 118095.79 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 117245.71 kB/sec Min xfer = 513488.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 rewriters = 448753.70 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 rewriters = 378103.46 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 108174.91 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 119841.15 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 112188.42 kB/sec Min xfer = 472992.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 readers = 319857.60 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 readers = 319587.93 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 78386.40 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 81170.33 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 79964.40 kB/sec Min xfer = 506336.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 re-readers = 331737.53 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 re-readers = 331539.26 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 74617.11 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 90278.13 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 82934.38 kB/sec Min xfer = 433360.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 reverse readers = 769042.86 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 reverse readers = 768023.53 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 43320.77 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 262961.66 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 192260.72 kB/sec Min xfer = 86384.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 stride readers = 1795856.09 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 stride readers = 1781767.61 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 65569.88 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 920383.50 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 448964.02 kB/sec Min xfer = 37360.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 random readers = 1971409.70 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 random readers = 1958188.18 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 69869.92 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 861175.75 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 492852.43 kB/sec Min xfer = 41904.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 mixed workload = 1176863.17 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 mixed workload = 275991.88 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 98414.23 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 606498.81 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 294215.79 kB/sec Min xfer = 84304.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 random writers = 428459.84 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 random writers = 318774.34 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 96696.56 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 118440.29 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 107114.96 kB/sec Min xfer = 428352.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 pwrite writers = 467800.79 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 pwrite writers = 381736.33 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 111798.68 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 120814.23 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 116950.20 kB/sec Min xfer = 485168.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 pread readers = 309714.87 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 pread readers = 309501.91 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 76447.56 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 79120.13 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 77428.72 kB/sec Min xfer = 506592.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 fwriters = 442763.85 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 fwriters = 373418.60 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 107828.45 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 114495.70 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 110690.96 kB/sec Min xfer = 524288.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 freaders = 331765.48 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 freaders = 325459.39 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 81387.83 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 86099.32 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 82941.37 kB/sec Min xfer = 524288.00 kB single disk sda
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 36038 45031 52457 52672 27342 44553 102400 16 93224 115531 124822 114115 79868 115219 102400 512 249415 223799 267595 273488 227651 258480 102400 1024 259449 236700 268852 273148 242803 266988 102400 16384 313281 317096 324922 325600 319687 267843 single disk sdb
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 33918 45021 52628 52655 27404 44621 102400 16 100152 106531 127148 115452 76579 113503 102400 512 251035 259812 272338 273634 227332 225607 102400 1024 260791 268019 273578 276074 241042 268323 102400 16384 267448 316877 323467 324679 319983 316710 single disk sdc
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 36074 44819 52358 52592 23334 44073 102400 16 92510 114568 127346 126830 72293 112819 102400 512 220032 260191 271136 274745 225818 258574 102400 1024 258895 228236 270047 271946 239184 267370 102400 16384 312151 316425 318919 323689 317570 268308 single disk sdd
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 36100 44939 52756 52768 27569 42697 102400 16 100207 111073 127120 118992 76555 105342 102400 512 248869 259052 271718 272745 227450 258252 102400 1024 226653 266979 262772 265104 236617 266018 102400 16384 314211 269062 322937 325634 320150 315470
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Jens Bauer reacted to Stuart Naylor in Software RAID testing Rockpi4 Marvell 4 port sata
Forgot to set the RockPi4 to pcie2 doh!
Also if you are a plonker and forget to edit `/boot/hw_intfc.conf` from `#intfc:dtoverlay=pcie-gen2` to `intfc:dtoverlay=pcie-gen2` you will be running on pcie-gen1
RAID 10
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 11719 15447 55220 53720 25421 12773 102400 16 39410 54840 139482 145128 81258 43792 102400 512 228002 220126 334104 339660 265930 225507 102400 1024 244376 243730 451377 462467 397566 258481 102400 16384 270088 304411 597462 610057 615669 297855
RAID 5
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 6133 6251 47505 46013 25046 8190 102400 16 17103 17134 113272 133606 79753 20420 102400 512 61418 50852 241860 246467 244030 58031 102400 1024 79325 73325 363343 359830 361882 83655 102400 16384 127548 124702 625256 642094 650407 136680
RAID 1
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 23713 29698 45608 45983 23657 30381 102400 16 79205 82546 138060 144557 82126 93921 102400 512 212859 221943 307613 304036 259783 179355 102400 1024 235985 243783 366101 369935 317354 198861 102400 16384 289036 290279 410520 398875 399868 295329
RAID 0
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 33519 47927 52701 51023 26700 46382 102400 16 105763 132604 138080 155514 87026 135111 102400 512 276220 320320 311343 294629 267624 335363 102400 1024 493565 522038 463105 470833 398584 522560 102400 16384 687516 701200 625733 623531 555318 681535 4 individual disks conurrent
Command line used: iozone -l 4 -u 4 -r 16k -s 512M -F /srv/dev-disk-by-label-sda/tmp1 /srv/dev-disk-by-label-sdb/tmp2 /srv/dev-disk-by-label-sdc/tmp3 /srv/dev-disk-by-label-sdd/tmp4 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. Min process = 4 Max process = 4 Throughput test with 4 processes Each process writes a 524288 kByte file in 16 kByte records Children see throughput for 4 initial writers = 884590.91 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 initial writers = 701620.17 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 195561.27 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 234457.59 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 221147.73 kB/sec Min xfer = 437344.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 rewriters = 822771.77 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 rewriters = 701488.29 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 180381.25 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 232223.50 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 205692.94 kB/sec Min xfer = 408720.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 readers = 755252.30 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 readers = 753357.02 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 169105.11 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 198976.81 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 188813.07 kB/sec Min xfer = 445664.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 re-readers = 753492.39 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 re-readers = 750353.64 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 160626.64 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 201223.11 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 188373.10 kB/sec Min xfer = 418528.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 reverse readers = 780261.86 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 reverse readers = 778761.55 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 58371.02 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 254657.08 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 195065.47 kB/sec Min xfer = 120192.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 stride readers = 317923.62 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 stride readers = 316905.36 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 63171.63 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 98114.27 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 79480.91 kB/sec Min xfer = 337600.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 random readers = 798898.78 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 random readers = 794905.95 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 57059.89 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 391248.59 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 199724.70 kB/sec Min xfer = 76480.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 mixed workload = 647158.06 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 mixed workload = 491223.65 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 28319.04 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 305288.75 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 161789.51 kB/sec Min xfer = 48720.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 random writers = 734947.98 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 random writers = 544531.66 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 167241.00 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 207134.38 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 183737.00 kB/sec Min xfer = 424704.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 pwrite writers = 879712.72 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 pwrite writers = 686621.58 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 186624.69 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 236047.30 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 219928.18 kB/sec Min xfer = 415856.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 pread readers = 777243.34 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 pread readers = 773302.81 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 184983.08 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 203392.77 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 194310.84 kB/sec Min xfer = 476896.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 fwriters = 820877.50 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 fwriters = 693823.17 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 194228.28 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 217311.28 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 205219.38 kB/sec Min xfer = 524288.00 kB Children see throughput for 4 freaders = 1924029.62 kB/sec Parent sees throughput for 4 freaders = 1071393.99 kB/sec Min throughput per process = 268087.50 kB/sec Max throughput per process = 970331.94 kB/sec Avg throughput per process = 481007.41 kB/sec Min xfer = 524288.00 kB Single disk sda reference
Command line used: iozone -e -I -a -s 100M -r 4k -r 16k -r 512k -r 1024k -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1 -i 2 Output is in kBytes/sec Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 kBytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 102400 4 35191 45728 56689 53307 27889 48508 102400 16 104379 122405 154385 157484 88670 113964 102400 512 315788 347042 351932 348604 271399 288430 102400 1024 358399 366194 388893 379453 338470 369888 102400 16384 353154 443256 425396 422384 410580 444530
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Jens Bauer reacted to jock in Raspberry Pi 4 Released - From $35 USD
Ignoring support and documentation from the board manifacturer, GPIO pins and peripheral buses access, expandability, warranty, construction and international safety certifications... Looking just at the basic horsepower, tell us what tv box can you buy that provides 4 out-of-order A72 cores for 35$?
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Jens Bauer reacted to Igor in Raspberry Pi 4 Released - From $35 USD
Without PD, voltage is fixed to 5V and current up to 3A ... which is tight.